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Python Modules

This document discusses Python modules and packages. It explains that a module is a file containing functions and other objects that can be imported and used in other Python programs. Modules can be created by saving a .py file. Built-in and third-party modules can be imported using the import statement. Packages are directories that contain modules and have an __init__.py file to identify them as packages. Modules within packages can be imported using dot notation. The pip package manager is used to install third-party packages.

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34 views

Python Modules

This document discusses Python modules and packages. It explains that a module is a file containing functions and other objects that can be imported and used in other Python programs. Modules can be created by saving a .py file. Built-in and third-party modules can be imported using the import statement. Packages are directories that contain modules and have an __init__.py file to identify them as packages. Modules within packages can be imported using dot notation. The pip package manager is used to install third-party packages.

Uploaded by

Sudesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Python Modules

Python 3.6.5
What is a Module?
• Consider a module to be the same as a code library.
• A file containing a set of functions you want to include in your
application.
Create a Module
• To create a module just save the code you want in a file with
the file extension .py:
Example
Save this code in a file named mymodule.py
def greeting(name):
print("Hello, " + name)
Use a Module
• Now we can use the module we just created, by using
the import statement:
Example
Import the module named mymodule, and call the greeting
function:
import mymodule
mymodule.greeting("Jonathan")
Variables in Module
Example
Save this code in the file mymodule.py
person1 = {
"name": "John",
"age": 36,
"country": "Norway"
}
Example
Import the module named mymodule, and access the person1
dictionary:
import mymodule

a = mymodule.person1["age"]
print(a)
Re-naming a Module
• You can create an alias when you import a module, by using
the as keyword:

Example
Create an alias for mymodule called mx:
import mymodule as mx

a = mx.person1["age"]
print(a)
Built-in Modules
• There are several built-in modules in Python, which you can
import whenever you like.
Example
Import and use the platform module:
import platform

x = platform.system()
print(x)
Using the dir() Function
• There is a built-in function to list all the function names (or
variable names) in a module. The dir() function:
Example
List all the defined names belonging to the platform module:
import platform

x = dir(platform)
print(x)

• Note: The dir() function can be used on all modules, also the
ones you create yourself.
Import From Module
• You can choose to import only parts from a module, by using
the from keyword.
Example
The module named mymodule has one function and one dictionary:
def greeting(name):
print("Hello, " + name)

person1 = {
"name": "John",
"age": 36,
"country": "Norway"
}
• Import only the person1 dictionary from the module:
from mymodule import person1

print (person1["age"])
What is package?
• Python has packages for directories and modules for files.
• A directory must contain a file named __init__.py in order for
Python to consider it as a package.
Importing module from a package
• We can import modules from packages using the dot (.)
operator.
• For example, if want to import the start module in the above
example, it is done as follows.
import Game.Level.start

• Now if this module contains a function named


select_difficulty(), we must use the full name to reference it.
Game.Level.start.select_difficulty(2)
Importing module from a package
• If this construct seems lengthy, we can import the module
without the package prefix as follows.
from Game.Level import start

• We can now call the function simply as follows.


start.select_difficulty(2)
Importing module from a package
• Yet another way of importing just the required function (or
class or variable) form a module within a package would be as
follows.
from Game.Level.start import select_difficulty

• Now we can directly call this function.


select_difficulty(2)
Python PIP
What is PIP?
• PIP is a package manager for Python packages, or modules if
you like.
• Note: If you have Python version 3.4 or later, PIP is included by
default.

What is a Package?
• A package contains all the files you need for a module.
• Modules are Python code libraries you can include in your
project.
Check if PIP is Installed
• Navigate your command line to the location of Python's script
directory, and type the following:

C:\Python65\Scripts>pip --version

• If you get version as output means PIP is installed.

Install PIP
• If you do not have PIP installed, you can download and install
it from this page: https://pypi.org/project/pip/
Download a Package
• Downloading a package is very easy.
• Open the command line interface and tell PIP to download the
package you want.
• Navigate your command line to the location of Python's script
directory, and type the following to install package camelcase:

C:\Python36\Scripts>pip install camelcase

• Now you have downloaded and installed your first package!


Using a Package
• Once the package is installed, it is ready to use.
• Import the "camelcase" package into your project.

import camelcase
c = camelcase.CamelCase()
txt = "hello world"
print(c.hump(txt))

Find Packages
• Find more packages at https://pypi.org/.
Thanks

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