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Introduction To Radiology

This document provides an introduction to various types of medical imaging techniques used in radiology. It describes x-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, ultrasound, and nuclear medicine scans. For each type of scan, it provides details on what it images, how it works, and examples of images produced. It also lists specific scans and procedures that utilize each imaging technique.

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Aboubakar Moalim Mahad moh'd
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75 views26 pages

Introduction To Radiology

This document provides an introduction to various types of medical imaging techniques used in radiology. It describes x-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, ultrasound, and nuclear medicine scans. For each type of scan, it provides details on what it images, how it works, and examples of images produced. It also lists specific scans and procedures that utilize each imaging technique.

Uploaded by

Aboubakar Moalim Mahad moh'd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

RADIOLOGY
Dr.AlneiL.Makki.Ibrahim
MBBS U of ORENBURG
MD of clinical Radiology
 X-rays,flouroscopy,Gamma-ray
 CT scans
 MRI scans
 Ultrasound
 Nuclear medicine scans
 Type of imaging depends on symptoms and
part of the body being examined.
X RAYS
 Form of EM radiation
 All forms move at the speed of light
 Vary in energy and wavelength
 Able to penetrate solid materials of varying
densities
 Capable of exposing a photographic plate (x-
ray film)
 Can cause biological damage, Lead apron
 Diagnostic Radiology/Radiography
 X-rays used to produce image, transmitted
through patient
 Static images
 Dynamic images  fluoroscopy
 Contrast agents used
 Barium, Iodine  examples of studies
X-Rays Radiography Roentgen rays

• Absorption of different
amounts of radiation
by different tissues will
give different densities.
Bones =white.
Fat/ soft tissues=
gray.
Lungs= black.
Computed Tomography

 Uses transmitted X-rays to produce an image


 Cross sectional imaging
 No superimposition of structures
 Requires computer manipulation of images
Examples for CT Images
CT Scans
CAT scan
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
 Uses a strong magnetic field and radiofrequency
waves to image structures
 No ionizing radiation
 Hydrogen protons – water
 Cross sectional imaging
 Great for soft tissue
Examples of MRImages
MRI Scans
Magnetic resonance imaging, NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance

• Large magnet and


radio waves
• Diagnose a variety of
conditions, from torn
ligaments to tumors
• Have metal or
electronic devices in
your body??
Ultrasonography
 Uses transmitted sound waves to produce image,
 Sending out and listening for echoes
 Dynamic, US can not penetrate air or bone
 Operator dependent
Examples of US Images
Ultrasound
Sonogram

• High-frequency sound
• View the heart, blood vessels,
kidneys, liver, and other
organs. During pregnancy,
• Unlike x-rays, ultrasound
NOOOO radiation.
• The transducer sends out
sound waves, which bounce
off the tissues & captures the
waves that bounce back.
Nuclear Scintigraphy

 Uses gamma rays to produce an image, emitted


from the patient
 Radioactive nuclide given IV, per os, per rectum etc.
 Abnormal function, metabolic activity, abnormal
amount of uptake
 Poor for anatomical information
Example of Nuclear sc Imges
Nuclear Scans
Radioisotope scans, Radionuclide scans

• Radioactive substances
( Injection, swallow or
inhale )
• A special camera that detects
radioactivity.
• Diagnose many conditions
cancers, injuries, and
infections.
• How organs like your heart
 X-ray (Radiography)
 Arthrography
 Bone Densitometry
 Catheter Angiography
 Children's (Pediatric) Voiding Cystourethrogram
 Galactography (Ductography)
 Hysterosalpingography
 Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)
 Mammography
 Myelography
 Panoramic Dental X-ray
 Venography
 Video Fluoroscopic Swallowing Exam (VFSE)
 X-ray (Radiography) - Bone
 X-ray (Radiography) - Chest
 X-ray (Radiography) - Lower GI Tract
 X-ray (Radiography) - Upper GI Tract

 Mammography
 Galactography (Ductography)
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Breast
 Mammography
Computed Tomography (CT)
 Cardiac CT
 Computed Tomography (CT) - Abdomen and Pelvis
 Computed Tomography (CT) - Body
 Computed Tomography (CT) - Chest
 Computed Tomography (CT) - Head
 Computed Tomography (CT) - Sinuses
 Computed Tomography (CT) - Spine
 Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)
 CT Angiography (CTA)
 CT Colonography
 CT Enterography
 CT Perfusion of the Head
 Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography (PET/CT)
 Urography
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
 Arthrography
 Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Body
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Breast
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Cardiac (Heart)
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Chest
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Head
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Musculoskeletal
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Shoulder
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Spine
 Magnetic Resonance, Functional (fMRI) - Brain
 MR Angiography (MRA)
 Urography
Nuclear Scans
 Bone scan
 Breast PET scan
 Gallbladder radionuclide scan
 Heart PET scan
 Liver scan
 Lung gallium scan
 MIBG scintiscan
 PET scan
Pulmonary ventilation/perfusion scan
Radionuclide cisternogram
Renal perfusion scintiscan
Thyroid scan
WBC scan
 Ultrasound
 Cranial Ultrasound/Head Ultrasound
 Hip Ultrasound
 Obstetric Ultrasound
 Sonohysterography
 Ultrasound - Abdomen
 Ultrasound - Breast
 Ultrasound - Carotid
 Ultrasound - Musculoskeletal
 Ultrasound - Pelvis
 Ultrasound - Prostate
 Ultrasound - Scrotum
 Ultrasound - Thyroid
 Ultrasound - Vascular
 Ultrasound-Guided Breast Biopsy

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