Fundamentals of Accounting II, Chapter 1
Fundamentals of Accounting II, Chapter 1
Inventories
1.1. Classification of Inventories
Inventories are asset items held for sale in the ordinary course
of business, or goods to be used in the production of goods to be
sold.
Classifying Inventory
Merchandising Company Manufacturing Company
One Classification: Three Classifications:
Merchandise Inventory Raw Materials
6-3
4. Determine the cost of goods sold for the period.
Cont’d
Determining inventory quantities involves two steps:
(1) taking a physical inventory of goods on hand and
(2) determining the ownership of goods.
6-4
Cont’d
GOODS IN TRANSIT
Question # 1:
Goods in transit should be included in the inventory of the
buyer when the:
a. public carrier accepts the goods from the seller.
b. goods reach the buyer.
c. terms of sale are FOB destination.
d. terms of sale are FOB shipping point.
6-7
Cont’d
CONSIGNED GOODS
To hold the goods of other parties and try to sell
the goods for them for a fee, but without taking
ownership of the goods.
Many car, boat, and antique dealers sell goods on
consignment, why?
6-8
> DO IT!
Deng Yaping Company completed its inventory count. It
arrived at a total inventory value of ¥200,000. You have
been given the information listed below. Discuss how this
information affects the reported cost of inventory.
1. Deng Yaping included in the inventory goods held on
consignment for Falls Co., costing ¥15,000.
2. The company did not include in the count purchased
goods of ¥10,000, which were in transit (terms:
FOB shipping point).
3. The company did not include in the count inventory
that had been sold with a cost of ¥12,000, which
6-9
was in transit (terms: FOB shipping point).
1.3. Inventory Costing Methods
Inventory is accounted for at cost.
Cost includes all expenditures necessary to acquire
goods and place them in a condition ready for sale.
Unit costs are applied to quantities to compute the
total cost of the inventory and the cost of goods
sold using the following costing methods:
► Specific identification
► First-in, first-out (FIFO)
Cost Flow
► Average-cost Assumptions
6-10
Cont’d
Illustration: Crivitz TV Company purchases three identical
50-inch TVs on different dates at costs of £700, £750,
and £800. During the year Crivitz sold two sets at £1,200
each. These facts are summarized below.
Illustration 6-3: Data for Inventory Costing Example
1.3.1. Specific Identification
6-13
1.3.2. Cost Flow Assumptions
2. Average-cost
6-17
Cont’d
Illustration 6-6: Allocation of costs—FIFO method
• HELPFUL HINT
Another way of thinking about the calculation of FIFO
ending inventory is the LISH assumption—last in still here.
6-18
Cont’d
AVERAGE-COST
Allocates cost of goods available for sale on the
basis of weighted-average unit cost incurred.
Applies weighted-average unit cost to the units on
hand to determine cost of the ending inventory.
Illustration 6-8: Formula for weighted-average unit cost
6-19
Cont’d
Illustration 6-9 Allocation of costs—Average-Cost Method
6-20
Cont’d
Illustration 6-9 Allocation of costs—Average-Cost Method
Illustration 6-11
6-21
> DO IT!
The accounting records of Shumway Ag Implement
show the following.
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1.3.3. Inventory CF Methods in Perpetual Inventory Systems
Data for Lin Electronics’ Astro condensers. Illustration 6A-1
6-29
SoFP EFFECTS
6-30
TAX EFFECTS
6-31
Using Cost Flow Methods Consistently
6-32
Cont’d
Question # 2:
In periods of rising prices, average-cost will produce:
a. higher net income than FIFO.
b. the same net income as FIFO.
c. lower net income than FIFO.
d. NI equal to the specific identification method.
6-33 LO 3
Cont’d
Question # 3:
Factors that affect the selection of an inventory costing
method do not include:
a. tax effects.
b. statement of financial position effects.
c. income statement effects.
d. perpetual vs. periodic inventory system.
6-34
1.3.4. Lower-of-Cost-or-Net Realizable Value
6-35
Cont’d
6-36
> DO IT!
LCNRV Basis
Tracy Company sells three different types of home heating
stoves (wood, gas, and pellet). The cost and net realizable
value of its inventory of stoves are as follows.
Question # 4:
Atlantis Company’s ending inventory is understated by
NT$122,000. The effects of this error on the current
year’s CGS and Net Income, respectively, are:
a. understated, overstated.
b. overstated, understated.
c. overstated, overstated.
d. understated, understated.
SoFP Effects
Effect of inventory errors on the statement of financial
position is determined by using the basic accounting
equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity.
Errors in the ending inventory have the following effects.
Illustration 6-15: Effects of ending inventory errors on SoFP
> DO IT!
Inventory Errors
Visual Company overstated its 2016 ending inventory by
NT$22,000. Determine the impact this error has on ending
inventory, cost of goods sold, and equity in 2016 and 2017.
2016 2017
Ending inventory NT$22,000 overstated No effect
Cost of goods sold NT$22,000 understated NT$22,000
overstated
Equity
Equity NT$22,000 overstated No effect
1.5. Estimating Inventories
Gross Profit Method
Estimates the cost of ending inventory by applying a gross
profit rate to net sales.