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Valves

The document discusses various types of level measurement technologies used in industrial processes. It describes level measurement methods including capacitive, differential pressure, magnetic, ultrasonic, radar, guided microwave, and compares their advantages and disadvantages. Installation considerations such as stilling wells and bridle configurations are also reviewed. The document aims to help selection of the appropriate level measurement technology based on process parameters and conditions.

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29 views21 pages

Valves

The document discusses various types of level measurement technologies used in industrial processes. It describes level measurement methods including capacitive, differential pressure, magnetic, ultrasonic, radar, guided microwave, and compares their advantages and disadvantages. Installation considerations such as stilling wells and bridle configurations are also reviewed. The document aims to help selection of the appropriate level measurement technology based on process parameters and conditions.

Uploaded by

satphoenix
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

INDUSTRIAL LEVEL SENSORS

Chippy Sagar
I&C Department
AGENDA

 Introduction
 Types of Level Measurements
 Capacitive Level Transmitter
 DP Type Level Transmitters
 Magnetic Level Measurement
 Ultrasonic Level Transmitter
 Radar Fill Level Transmitters
 Guided Microwave Level Transmitters
 Installation
 Summary

page 2
INTRODUCTION

 Level measurement transmitter is an instrument


providing continuous or point type level measurement.

 It can be used to determine the level of liquid (water,


viscous fluids, and fuels) or dry media (bulk solids and
powders) at a particular time.

 Applications : level measurement within containers or


tanks, food and beverage, chemical, Oil & Gas and
water treatment industries.

page 3
TYPES OF LEVEL MEASUREMENTS

Level measurements are classified into two types:

 Direct level measurements:-


In this method, liquid level is directly measured on the scale
by using varying liquid levels.

 Indirect level measurements:-


In this method, liquid level is measured in terms of variables
which changes with change in level of liquids like hydrostatic
pressure, electrical properties etc.

page 4
CAPACITANCE LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

 The principle of capacitive level measurement is based


on the capacitance change of a capacitor.
 The probe and the tank wall form a capacitor whose
capacitance is dependent on the amount of product in
the tank: These transmitters use liquid stored in a tank
or container as a dielectric medium between two or
more electrodes. The insulator on the probe is
dielectric.
 The energy capacity of the capacitor circuit increases
when there is more liquid, and decreases if there is
less liquid.

page 5
CAPACITANCE LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

Advantages :
• They are mechanically simple and have no moving parts.
• They require very less maintenance.
• They are resistant to turbulence.

Disadvantages :
• sensitive to changes in environmental conditions such as
temperature, humidity etc.
• Coating of probes because the product can cause errors.

page 6
DP TYPE LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

 Measure the hydrostatic pressure which


is proportional to the measured liquid
height.
 The force exerted by the diaphragm is
converted by the level sensor into an
analog electrical output signal.
 The greater the vertical height of the
fluid, the greater the pressure, all other
factors being equal.

page 7
DP TYPE LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

 Level measurement in open / vented tanks / vessels.  Level measurement in sealed / gas-tight tanks / vessels

page 8
DP TYPE LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

Advantages :
• Reliable and accurate measurement
• Robust measuring process, uninfluenced by disruptive (dust, foam,
vapour, build-up, contaminants, etc)
• Unaffected by conductivity, dielectric coefficient or viscosity
• Direct contact with the medium

Disadvantages :
• Unsuitable for bulk material
• Only works on liquids.
• Regular maintenance is required to clean the sensor membrane to
prevent deposits and debris.
page 9
MAGNETIC LEVEL MEASUREMENT

 The measuring chamber is fitted with a float,


which has a magnet inside.
 The float with magnet will float on the medium and
the magnet in the float will turn the Magnetic flaps
of the indicating rail.

page 10
MAGNETIC LEVEL MEASUREMENT

Advantages :
• Fully corrosion resistant system
• Unaffected by pressure, vacuum, temperature, foam, viscosity &
density variations
• Less maintenance

Disadvantages :
• Not applicable for bulk solid & slurries. Only works on liquids.

page 11
ULTRASONIC LEVEL TRANSMITTER

 In this type of transmitter, an ultrasonic transducer is


mounted at, or near the top of a container containing
liquid.
 The transducer sends out an ultrasonic pulse. The
pulse hits the surface of the liquid, and gets reflected.
 The sensor then calculates the fill level based on the
time between the transmitted and received signal.
 the on-board microprocessor calculates the distance
to the liquid surface using the formula.
Distance = (Speed of sound in air x time delay) / 2
Level = Tank Height – Distance

page 12
ULTRASONIC LEVEL TRANSMITTER

Advantages :
• Compact.
• Measurement is not affected by the type of media
which is to be measured

Disadvantages :
• Susceptible to interferences environmental &
application conditions affect measurement
performance
• Performance is based on strength of the reflected
sound wave or echo.
• Costly
page 13
RADAR FILL LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

 These transmitters work on the principle of a radar by


using radio wave emissions.
 The transmitter sends a high frequency radar
impulses into the liquid, and receives a reflection of
the signal.
 Level of the tank based on the time taken by the
transmitted signal to return.

page 14
RADAR FILL LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

Advantages :
• Not affected by environment & application conditions.
• Performs well independent of process conditions
• High Temperature &Pressure do not affect device
performances.

Disadvantages :
• Experiences more signal loss due to dispersion of the
electromagnetic waves.
• Higher cost.

page 15
GUIDED MICROWAVE LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

 It works on the principle of Time Domain


Reflectrometry (TDR).
 These transmitters work by sending a microwave
pulse through a sensor cable or rod.
 The signal hits the surface of the liquid, and travels
back to the sensor, and then to the transmitter
housing.
 level measurement is based on the time taken by the
signal to travel down the sensor and back up again.

page 16
GUIDED MICROWAVE LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

Advantages :
• Unaffected by density changes
• Bridle configuration
• No moving parts

Disadvantages :
• Higher cost.
• Sensitivity to changes in the density of the measured
product

page 17
INSTALLATION GUIDE

 Stilling wells  Bridle / cage / external chamber


• used to avoid • A vertical pipe connected to the side of a
disturbances in level storage tank or process vessel (side/side or
measurement. side/bottom connections.)

page 18
SUMMARY

 Selection parameters
• the type and name of the substance/process fluid to be
measured
• process data (e.g. density/SG, temperature, pressure, dielectric,
viscosity…)
• presence of oil‐film/build‐up
• presence of sand/water/emulsion/oil/foam
• Selection of Float type
• Visibility of Liquid media.

page 19
QUESTION & ANSWER SESSION

page 20
page 21

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