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MPMC

The document discusses the different register types in the 8086 microprocessor: 1. General purpose registers (AX, BX, CX, DX) are used to temporarily store data and operands during instruction execution. 2. Segment registers (CS, DS, SS, ES) store information about memory segments for code, data, stack, and extra segments. 3. Pointer and index registers include the instruction pointer (IP), base pointer (BP), stack pointer (SP), source index (SI), and destination index (DI) which store addresses and offsets for memory access. 4. The flag or status register is a 16-bit register that contains 9 flag bits indicating the result of arithmetic or

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10 views13 pages

MPMC

The document discusses the different register types in the 8086 microprocessor: 1. General purpose registers (AX, BX, CX, DX) are used to temporarily store data and operands during instruction execution. 2. Segment registers (CS, DS, SS, ES) store information about memory segments for code, data, stack, and extra segments. 3. Pointer and index registers include the instruction pointer (IP), base pointer (BP), stack pointer (SP), source index (SI), and destination index (DI) which store addresses and offsets for memory access. 4. The flag or status register is a 16-bit register that contains 9 flag bits indicating the result of arithmetic or

Uploaded by

santhoshksk632002
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MICROPROCESSOR SANTHOSHKUMAR

AND K

MICROCONTROLLERS 19EC1088
8086 REGISTERS •

In the 8086 Microprocessor, the registers are categorized into mainly


four types:
 General Purpose Registers
 Segment Registers
 Pointers and Index Registers
 Flag or Status Registe
1.General Purpose Regisers

The use of general-purpose registers is to store temporary data. While


the instructions are executed in the control unit, they may work on
some numeric value or some operands. These need to be stored
somewhere so that the processor can operate on them easily. So, these
registers are used in these cases. There are 4 general-purpose registers
of 16-bit length each. Each of them is further divided into two subparts
of 8-bit length each: one high, which stores the higher-order bits and
another low which stores the lower order bits.
• AX = [AH:AL]
• BX = [BH:BL]
• CX = [CH:CL]
• DX = [DH:DL
2.Segment Registers
There are 4 segment registers in 8086 Microprocessor and each of
them is of 16 bit. The code and instructions are stored inside these
different segments.
• Code Segment (CS) Register: The user cannot modify the content
of these registers. Only the microprocessor's compiler can do this.
• Data Segment (DS) Register: The user can modify the content of
the data segment.
• Stack Segment (SS) Registers: The SS is used to store the
information about the memory segment. The operations of the SS
are mainly Push and Pop.
• Extra Segment (ES) Register: By default, the control of the
compiler remains in the DS where the user can add and modify the
instructions. If there is less space in that segment, then ES is used.
ES is also used for copying purpose
3.Pointers and Index Registers

The pointers will always store some address or memory location. In 8086
Microprocessor, they usually store the offset through which the actual address
is calculated.
• Instruction Pointer (IP): The instruction pointer usually stores the address of
the next instruction that is to be executed. Apart from this, it also acts as an
offset for CS register.

• Base Pointer (BP): The Base pointer stores the base address of the memory.
Also, it acts as an offset for Stack Segment (SS).

• Stack Pointer (SP): The Stack Pointer Points at the current top value of the
Stack. Like the BP, it also acts as an offset to the Stack Segment (SS)
 The indexes are used with the extra segment and they usually are used
for copying the contents of a particular block of memory to a new
location.
 • Source Index (SI): It stores the offset address of the source.
 • Destination Index (DI): It stores the offset address of the Destination
4.Flag or Status Register

Flag or Status Register


• The Flag or Status register is a 16-bit register which contains 9
flags, and the remaining 7 bits are idle in this register.
These flags tell about the status of the processor after any arithmetic
or logical operation. IF the flag value is 1, the flag is set, and if it is
0, it is said to be reset
INSTRUCTIONS SET OF 8086
MICROPROCESSOR
ARM INSTRUCTION SET
ARM REGISTERS
ARM REGISTERS
INSTRUCTION OF DC MOTOR

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