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PLC Presentation

This document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It discusses what a PLC is, its major components, programming languages used, common brands, applications, advantages and disadvantages. The key points covered are: - A PLC is a digital electronic device that uses a programmable memory to implement logic functions for automated control of machines and processes. - Major components include a power supply, input/output modules, a processor, and a programming device for entering the control program. - Common programming languages are ladder logic, functional block diagrams, and sequential function charts. - Leading PLC brands include Allen-Bradley, Siemens, Omron, Mits

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KD Khan
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116 views39 pages

PLC Presentation

This document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It discusses what a PLC is, its major components, programming languages used, common brands, applications, advantages and disadvantages. The key points covered are: - A PLC is a digital electronic device that uses a programmable memory to implement logic functions for automated control of machines and processes. - Major components include a power supply, input/output modules, a processor, and a programming device for entering the control program. - Common programming languages are ladder logic, functional block diagrams, and sequential function charts. - Leading PLC brands include Allen-Bradley, Siemens, Omron, Mits

Uploaded by

KD Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

PAKISTAN INDUSTRIAL TECHNICAL

National ASSISTANCE
Electronics Complex ofCENTRE (PITAC) PESHAWAR
Pakistan

Presenter: Khalid Jamil Azizi (Dir. AT/HRD, NECOP)


PLC
Programmable Logic Controller

Presented by
Engr. Sardar Hussain
Eligible person
D.A.E Electrical
D.A.E Electronics
D.A.E Instruments
D.A.E Automation
Engineers (Electrical, Electronics,Mechanical)
B-Tech (Electrical, Electronics)
Definition of PLC
A digital electronic device that uses a programmable memory to
store instructions and to implement specific functions such as
• Logic
• Sequence
• Timing
• Counting
• Arithmetic
• Analogue Application
Comparison
Hardwired control systems PLC Systems
• The functions are determined • The functions are determined
by the physical wiring. by a program stored in the
memory.
• Changing the function means • The control functions can be
changing the wiring. changed simply by changing
the program.
• Can be contact-making type
(relays, contactors) or • Consist of a control device,
electronic type (logic circuits) to which all the sensors and
actuators are connected.
Hardwire control panel
OUTPUTS

INPUTS MOTOR

CONTACTOR
LAMP

PUSHBUTTONS
PLC

7
The Basic Sections

CPU+Memory

Inputs Outputs

Operator
interface
Major Components of a Common PLC
POWER
SUPPLY

I M O M
N O
P D U O
U U PROCESSOR T D
T L P U
From E U L
To
SENSORS T E
OUTPUT
Pushbuttons, Solenoids,
contacts, contactors,
limit switches, alarms
etc. etc.
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE

9
Major Components of a Common PLC
POWER SUPPLY

Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC


components

I/O MODULES

Provides signal conversion and isolation between the


internal logic- level signals inside the PLC and the
field’s high level signal.

10
Major Components of a Common PLC
PROCESSOR

Provides intelligence to command and govern the


activities of the entire PLC systems.

PROGRAMMING DEVICE

used to enter the desired program that will determine


the sequence of operation and control of process
equipment or driven machine.

11
Inputs

Program

Outputs
What are Inputs?
• Switches and Pushbuttons
• Sensing Devices
• Limit Switches
• Photoelectric Sensors
• Proximity Sensors
• Condition Sensors
• Pressure Switches
• Level Switches
• Temperature Switches
• Vacuum Switches
• Encoders
What are Outputs?

• Valves
• Motor Starters
• Solenoids
• Actuators
• Control Relays
• Horns & Alarms
• Stack Lights
• Fans
• Counter
• Pumps
• Printers
Operator Interface

List of items required when


working with PLCs:

1. Programming Terminal - laptop


or desktop PC.
2. PLC Software. PLC
manufacturers have their own
specific software and license
key.
3. Communication cable for
connection from Laptop to PLC.
PLC Size
1. SMALL - it covers units with up to 128 I/O’s and
memories up to 2 Kbytes.
- these PLC’s are capable of providing
simple to advance levels or machine
controls.
2. MEDIUM - have up to 2048 I/O’s and memories up
to 32 Kbytes.
3. LARGE - the most sophisticated units of the PLC
family. They have up to 8192 I/O’s and
memories up to 750 Kbytes.
- can control individual production
processes or entire plant.

16
Selecting a PLC

Criteria

• Number of logical inputs and outputs.


• Memory
• Number of special I/O modules
• Scan Time
• Communications
• Software
Programming Languages of PLC
Most common programming languages
are:
1) Ladder Logic

2) Functional Block Diagram (FBD)

3) Sequential Function Chart (SFC)


PLC Programming
Ladder logic is the main programming method used
for PLCs [39]
It is a visual and symbolic programming language that
resembles relays logic diagrams
Ladder logic has been developed to copy relay logic to
reduce amount of retraining needed for engineers and
trades people
Ladder Logic
• Ladder logic uses a
variety of
Power rails
programming
symbols
Normally
• Power always flows Closed Contact
from left to right
Normally
• Output devices are Open Contact
in the ON state if
power flows through Output
them Device or Coil
Contacts
Power flows when
Contact
programmed
the input device is
normally open on

Power flows when


Contact
programmed the input device is
normally closed
off
Ladder Logic
Button Motor
Motor output

Motor Off lamp


Contacts
Lamp for power
applied
Motor On lamp

Lamp for power


not applied
Ladder Logic
Start Stop
button button Motor
Latching is the term for
a self-maintaining
circuit.
Motor
AND OPERATION

A B C
Rung

24
OR OPERATION

A C
Rung

25
NOT OPERATION

A C
Rung

In the rung above, it can be seen that if input A is be true (1),


then the output C is true (0) or when A is (0), output C is 1.

26
Leading Brands Of PLC
AMERICAN 1. Allen Bradley
2. Gould Modicon
3. Texas Instruments

EUROPEAN 1. Siemens
2. Festo
3. Telemechanique

27
Leading Brands Of PLC
JAPANESE 1. Toshiba
2. Omron
3. Fanuc
4. Mitsubishi

28
List of items required when working with PLCs:

1. Programming Terminal - laptop or desktop PC.


2. PLC Software. PLC manufacturers have
their own specific software and license key.
3. Communication cable for connection from Laptop
to PLC.
4. Backup copy of the ladder program
5. Documentation- (PLC manual, Software manual,
drawings,
ladder program printout, and Seq. of Operations
manual.)
PLC Advantages
•Visual observation
•Less and simple wiring.
•Increased Reliability.
•More Flexibility.
•Lower Cost .
•Faster Response.
•Easier to troubleshoot.
•Remote control capability.
•Communication Capability.
Disadvantages Of Plcs
Newer technology
Fixed Circuit Operations.
PLC devices are proprietary it means that part or software
of one manufacturer can’t be used in combination with
parts of another manufacturer.
Applications
Wherever automation is desired the PLCs are best
suited to meet the task.

Few examples of industries where PLCs are used :


1) Robots manufacturing and control
2) Car park control
3) Train control station system
4) Food processing
5) Materials handling
6)Machine tools
7)Conveyer system etc.
PLC Status Indicators
•Power On
•Run Mode
•Programming Mode
•Fault
Troubleshooting

1. Look at the process


2. PLC status lights
HALT - something has stopped the CPU
RUN - the PLC thinks it is OK (and probably is)
ERROR - a physical problem has occurred with the
PLC
3. Indicator lights on I/O cards and sensors
4. Consult the manuals, or use software if available.
5. Use programming terminal / laptop.
Areas of Application
 Manufacturing / Machining

 Food / Beverage

 Metals

 Power

 Mining

 Petrochemical / Chemical

35
HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE
(HMI)
HARDWARE
LOCAL DISPLAY
GRAPHICAL DISPLAY
SUPERVISORY CONTROL & DATA
ACQUISITION SYSTEM (SCADA)
SOFTWARE
REMOTE & GRAPHICAL DISPLAY
CONTROL ROOM APPLICATION
REMOTELY ACCESSES ALL FIELD DEVICES
Thank You!

Thank You!
Any Question

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