In some forms of written communication,
there is a need for you to acknowledge the
source of information. Within the text of
your paper, include an in-text citation
when you refer to summarize, paraphrase,
or quote from another source.
An in-text citation
is a reference made within the body of
text of an academic essay.
alerts the reader to a source that has
informed your own writing.
The exact format of an in-text citation
will depend on the style you need to use.
The American Psychological Association (APA)
in-text citation style uses the author’s last name
and the year of publication, for example: (Field,
2005).
For direct quotations, include the page number as
well, for example: (Field, 2005, p.14).
For sources such as websites and e-books that
have no page numbers, use a paragraph number.
Author’s Name Example of Usage
1. The author’s name Gass and Varonis (1984) found that the
is part of the Most important element in
comprehending non-native
narrative. speech is familiarity with the topic.
2. The author’s One study found that the most
names cited in important In comprehending non-native
speech familiarity with the topic (Gass and
parenthesis Varonis, 1984).
3. Multiple Works Research shows that listening to a
(Separate each work particular accent improves comprehension
with semicolons) of accented speech in general (Gass and
Varonis, 1984;Krech Thomas,
2004)
Author’s Name Example of Usage
4. In direct Gass and Varonis (1984) found that “the
quotation, the listeners’ familiarity with the topic of
author’s name is a discourse greatly facilitates the
part of the narrative interpretation of the entire message”
(p.84).
5. In direct quote, the One of the study found that “the
author’s name is in listeners’ familiarity with the topic of
parenthesis discourse greatly facilitates the
interpretation of the entire message”
(Gass and
Varonis, 1984, p.85).
TYPE OF FIRST SUBSEQUEN FIRST SUBSEQUENT
CITATION CITATION T CITATION, CITATIONS,
PARENTHETICAL
CITATIONS FORMAT PARENTHETICAL
FORMAT
One Field (2005) Field (2005) (Field, 2005) (Field, 2005)
author
Gass & Gass & (Gass & (Gass &
Two Varonis Varonis Varonis, 1984) Varonis, 1984)
authors (1984) (1984)
(Munro, et
Three Munro, Munro, et (Munro,Derwing,
al.,2006)
authors Derwing, & al. (2006) & Sato, 2006)
Sato (2006)
TYPE OF FIRST SUBSEQUENT FIRST SUBSEQUENT
CITATION CITATION CITATIONS CITATION, CITATIONS,
PARENTHETICAL
PARENTHETICAL
FORMAT
FORMAT
Four Tremblay, Tremblay, et al. (Tremblay, Richer, (Tremblay, et al.,
authors Richer, (2010) Lachance, Cote, 2010)
Lachance, & 2010)
Cote (2010)
(Hay et al., 2007)
Five Hay, Elias, Hay, et al. (Hay, Elias,
authors Fielding, (2007) Fielding, Barnsley,
Barnsley, Homel, & Frieberg,
Homel, & 2007)
Frieberg
(2007)
Six or more Norris- Norris-Shortle, (Norris-Shortle, et (Norris-Shortle, et
authors Shortle, et et al. (2006) al., 2006) al., 2006)
al. (2006)
Directions: Give the correct parenthetical
citation. Refer to Table 4.2. Write your answer
on your answer sheet.
1. Doane, Gilbert H. and James B. Bell.
Searching for Your Ancestors. Minneapolis U of
Minnesota P 1980.
2. Gatto, Joseph et al. Exploring Visual Design.
2nd ed. Worcester: Davis, 1987.
3. Litchman, Allan J. Your Family History. New
York Vintage Books 1987.
(Gatto, et al.,1987)
Gatto, et al.(1987)
(Litchman, 1987)
Litchman, (1987)
Write the letter of the APA in-text citation that
handled correctly.
1. a. As noted by Winthrop and Hutchinson (2010),
most countries experience flu outbreaks cyclically
(p.286).
b. As noted by Winthrop and Hutchinson (2010), most
countries experience flu outbreaks cyclically (286).
2. a. Kaiser emphasizes the importance of sleeping a
minimum of eight hours a night. (2012, p. 34)
b. Kaiser emphasized the importance of sleeping a
minimum of eight hours a night. (2012, p. 34).
3. a. Without the cure, the disease will
continue to claim the lives of many
unsuspecting victims (Zorn and Gibbs,
2004, p. 14).
b. Without the cure, the disease will
continue to claim the lives of many
unsuspecting victims (Zorn & Gibbs, 2004,
p. 14).
Write the letter of the APA in-text citation that
handled correctly.
4. a. “Without their funding, the shelter will close”
(Rodriguez, 2008, p. 15).
b. “Without their funding, the shelter will close.”
(Rodriguez, 2008, p. 15).
5. a. “Graduates are unaware of the monumental
challenges they will face,” comments Davis (2006) (p.
282).
b. “Graduates are unaware of the monumental
challenges they will face,” comments Davis (2006, p.
282).
