This document provides an overview of Buddhism, including its history, core teachings, beliefs, and practices. It begins by stating the learning objectives are to examine Buddhism's history, identify its central teachings and beliefs, and analyze related issues. It then discusses Buddhism's founder Siddhartha Gautama and the key events in his life that led to the founding of Buddhism. The document also summarizes Buddhism's main beliefs like the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path, different types of Buddhism, important texts, and holidays celebrated by Buddhists. It concludes by briefly discussing selected issues like war and women's roles in Buddhism.
This document provides an overview of Buddhism, including its history, core teachings, beliefs, and practices. It begins by stating the learning objectives are to examine Buddhism's history, identify its central teachings and beliefs, and analyze related issues. It then discusses Buddhism's founder Siddhartha Gautama and the key events in his life that led to the founding of Buddhism. The document also summarizes Buddhism's main beliefs like the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path, different types of Buddhism, important texts, and holidays celebrated by Buddhists. It concludes by briefly discussing selected issues like war and women's roles in Buddhism.
This document provides an overview of Buddhism, including its history, core teachings, beliefs, and practices. It begins by stating the learning objectives are to examine Buddhism's history, identify its central teachings and beliefs, and analyze related issues. It then discusses Buddhism's founder Siddhartha Gautama and the key events in his life that led to the founding of Buddhism. The document also summarizes Buddhism's main beliefs like the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path, different types of Buddhism, important texts, and holidays celebrated by Buddhists. It concludes by briefly discussing selected issues like war and women's roles in Buddhism.
This document provides an overview of Buddhism, including its history, core teachings, beliefs, and practices. It begins by stating the learning objectives are to examine Buddhism's history, identify its central teachings and beliefs, and analyze related issues. It then discusses Buddhism's founder Siddhartha Gautama and the key events in his life that led to the founding of Buddhism. The document also summarizes Buddhism's main beliefs like the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path, different types of Buddhism, important texts, and holidays celebrated by Buddhists. It concludes by briefly discussing selected issues like war and women's roles in Buddhism.
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1.Examine the history of Buddhism; 2.Identify the core teaching, beliefs, and practices of Buddhism; 3.Analyze other related issues of Buddhism. • Buddhism is a faith that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama (“the Buddha”) more than 2,500 years ago in India. With about 470 million followers, scholars consider Buddhism one of the major world religions. Its practice has historically been most prominent in East and Southeast Asia, but its influence is growing in the West. Many Buddhist ideas and philo sophies overlap with those of other FOUNDER OF BUDDHISM • Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism who later became known as “the Buddha,” lived during the 5th century B.C. • Gautama was born into a wealthy family as a prince in present-day Nepal. Although he had an easy life, Gautama was moved by suffering in the world. • He decided to give up his lavish lifestyle and endure poverty. When this didn’t fulfill him, he promoted the idea of the “Middle Way,” which means existing between two extremes. Thus, he sought a life without social indulgences but also without deprivation. • After six years of searching, Buddhists believe Gautama found enlightenment at age 35 while meditating under a Bodhi tree. He spent the rest of his life teaching others about how to achieve this spiritual state. Buddhism History • When Gautama passed away around 483 B.C., his followers began to organize a religious movement. Buddha’s teachings became the foundation for what would develop into Buddhism. • In the 3rd century B.C., Ashoka the Great, the Mauryan Indian emperor, made Buddhism the state religion of India. Buddhist monasteries were built, and missionary work was encouraged. • Over the next few centuries, Buddhism began to spread beyond India. The thoughts and philosophies of Buddhists became diverse, with some followers interpreting ideas differently than others. • In the sixth century, the Huns invaded India and destroyed hundreds of Buddhist monasteries, but the intruders were eventually driven out of the country. TYPES OF BUDDHISM • Today, many forms of Buddhism exist around the world. The three main types that represent specific geographical areas include: • Theravada Buddhism: Prevalent in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos and Burma • Mahayana Buddhism: Prevalent in China, Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore and Vietnam • Each of these types reveres certain texts and has slightly different interpretations of Buddha’s teachings. There are also several subsects of Buddhism, including Zen Buddhism and Nirvana Buddhism. • Some forms of Buddhism incorporate ideas of other religions and philosophies, such as Taoism and Bon. Buddhism Beliefs • Followers of Buddhism don’t acknowledge a supreme god or deity. They instead focus on achieving enlightenment—a state of inner peace and wisdom. When followers reach this spiritual echelon, they’re said to have experienced nirvana. • The religion’s founder, Buddha, is considered an extraordinary man, but not a god. The word Buddha means “enlightened.” • The path to enlightenment is attained by utilizing morality, meditation and wisdom. Buddhists often meditate because they believe it helps awaken truth. Buddhism Beliefs • There are many philosophies and interpretations within Buddhism, making it a tolerant and evolving religion. • Some scholars don’t recognize Buddhism as an organized religion, but rather, a “way of life” or a “spiritual tradition.” • Buddhism encourages its people to avoid self- indulgence but also self-denial. • Buddha’s most important teachings, known as The Four Noble Truths, are essential to understanding the religion. Buddhism Beliefs • Buddhists embrace the concepts of karma (the law of cause and effect) and reincarnation (the continuous cycle of rebirth). • Followers of Buddhism can worship in temples or in their own homes. • Buddhist monks, or bhikkhus, follow a strict code of conduct, which includes celibacy. • There is no single Buddhist symbol, but a number of images have evolved that represent Buddhist beliefs, including the lotus flower, the eight-spoked dharma wheel, the Bodhi tree and the swastika (an ancient symbol whose name means "well-being" or "good fortune" in Sanskrit). A gold Buddha figure at the Longhua Temple in the south of Shanghai, first built in 242 AD. Dharma • Buddha’s teachings are known as “dharma.” He taught that wisdom, kindness, patience, generosity and compassion were important virtues. • Specifically, all Buddhists live by five moral precepts, which prohibit: • Killing living things • Taking what is not given • Sexual misconduct • Lying • Using drugs or alcohol Four Noble Truths • The Four Noble Truths, which Buddha taught, are: • The truth of suffering (dukkha) • The truth of the cause of suffering (samudaya) • The truth of the end of suffering (nirhodha) • The truth of the path that frees us from suffering (magga) • Collectively, these principles explain why humans hurt and how to overcome suffering. • Magga (the Middle Way), which is also known as the Eightfold Path , is the Fourth Noble Truth. Buddhists believe this is both the way to wisdom and the mental training they need to achieve the way of morality. Buddhists believe it is the ‘cure’ that was given by the Buddha for suffering. It provides them with the ideal way to live. Eightfold Path • The Buddha taught his followers that the end of suffering, as described in the fourth Noble Truths, could be achieved by following an Eightfold Path. • In no particular order, the Eightfold Path of Buddhism teaches the following ideals for ethical conduct, mental disciple and achieving wisdom: Buddhist Holy Books • Buddhists revere many sacred texts and scriptures. Some of the most important are: • Tripitaka: These texts, known as the “three baskets,” are thought to be the earliest collection of Buddhist writings. • Sutras: There are more than 2,000 sutras, which are sacred teachings embraced mainly by Mahayana Buddhists. • The Book of the Dead: This Tibetan text describes the stages of death in detail. Religious Leader: Dalai Lama The Dalai Lama is the leading monk in Tibetan Buddhism. Followers of the religion believe the Dalai Lama is a reincarnation of a past lama that has agreed to be born again to help humanity. There have been 14 Dalai Lamas throughout history. The Dalai Lama also governed Tibet until the Chinese took control in 1959. The current Dalai Lama, Lhamo Thondup, was born in 1935. Buddhist Holidays • Every year, Buddhists celebrate Vesak, a festival that commemorate s Buddha’s birth, enlightenment and death. Buddhist Holidays • During each quarter of the moon, followers of Buddhism participate in a ceremony called Uposatha. This observance allows Buddhists to renew their commitment to their teachings Buddhist Holidays • They also celebrate the Buddhist New Year and participate in several other yearly festivals SANGHA • Sangha is a Sanskrit word that means "association," "assembly," "company" or "community.” It is a Buddhist monastic order, traditionally composed of four groups: monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen. The sangha is a part—together with the Buddha and the dharma (teaching) —of the Threefold Refuge, a basic creed of Buddhism. Sangha as a refuge is an important part of one’s meditation practice. One participates in and interacts with the sangha in order to grow. Taking refuge in the sangha means one finds safety and strength in fellow walkers of the path. SELECTED ISSUES • War and Violence:In Buddhism, war is evil or akusala and some scholars state that it has no rationalization in Siddhartha’s teachings. However, there are instances wherein Buddhist monks engaged themselves in open conflict, such as those that occurred in China and Japan. Monks have been in the forefront of political and social activism in Asia, such as Myanmar’s “Saffron Revolution” in 2007 and the Tibet demonstrations in 2008. When Buddhists defend their nations, home, and family, this may not be necessarily wrong as the religion’s morality is based upon principles, not rules. It is not righteous to ignore a circumstance when innocent civilians are killed and slaughtered. Buddhists are taught not to yield to any form of evil power, whether originating from humans or supernatural beings. They are compelled to go to war when other people do not value the concept of brotherhood as preached by Siddhartha. • Women in Buddhism • Historically speaking, Siddhartha allowed women to participate in the sangha although there were some stipulations. In Buddhism, both sexes are seen as equally relevant in society as they share equal responsibilities in their family duties. Within the sangha, Siddhartha recognized the potential and value of the bhikkunis who were also experts in teaching the dharma. Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer 1. What is Buddha's actual name? a. Siddharta Gautama c. Buddha is the actual name b. Gautama Buddha 2. According to Buddhist tradition, what happened to make Prince Siddhartha Gautama walk away from the comforts of princely life? a. Siddhartha's father wanted him to be a great religious leader so he encouraged him to leave. b. Siddhartha left the palace and saw all the joy in the world. He wanted to be a part of it. c. At age 29, he saw the pain and suffering of the world and was shocked. He left his comfortable life in search of a greater truth. 3. What is nirvana? a. the human soul b. Supreme realization of the end of suffering c. The path to heaven
4. It means, Every animal and human experiences suffering.
a. Annica c. Dukkha b. Nirvana
5. It means, World is always changing, nothing stays for long.
a. Annica c. Dukkha b. Nirvana 6. How many noble truths are there? a. 3 b. 4 c. 8
7. The Four Noble Truths are?(write all answers)
a. suffering b. abstain from killing c. origin of suffering d. extinction of suffering e. path leading to the extinction of suffering f. following 5 moral precepts g. to reunite with Atman and Brahma 8. According to the fourth Noble Truth, what is the way to remove desire in order to achieve enlightenment? a. Follow the Ten Commandments b. Get as many material possessions as possible. c. Follow the Eightfold Path
9. What are Buddhists in search of?
a. truth c. heaven b. nirvana(nibbana)
10. What is the Middle Path?
a. A life of moderation b. Right thought c. A state of no more suffering 11. Which is not a buddhist holy day?. a. Vesak c. Diwali b. Uposatha 12. Where did Buddhism originate and where did it spread? a. China. Spread to the rest of Asia b. India. Leading religion in the Americas and the Middle East c. India. Leading faith in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, China, Japan & Korea 13. What institutions did Buddhists create to help promote the spread and study of Buddhist thought? a. Monasteries b. Churches c. Mosques PERFORMANCE OUTPUT: •Interpret Buddhist four noble truths through a drawing. References: • http://idp.bl.uk/education/buddhism/index.html • https://www.history.com/topics/religion/buddhism#section_5 • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism • “BuddhaSasana.” A Buddhist Page by Binh Anson. http://www.budsas.org/index.htm (accessed on August 16, 2015) • “Buddhism and Women,” www.budsas.org/ebud/whatbudbeliev/227.htm (accessed August 22, 2015)