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    Morphology - Group 6

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    Riska Batubara
    This document provides an overview of morphology, the study of word structure and formation. It defines key morphological concepts including morphemes, affixes, roots, stems, and the difference between derivational and inflectional morphemes. Specifically, it explains that morphemes are the minimal units of meaning or function that make up words. Affixes like prefixes and suffixes are bound morphemes that can be added to roots or stems to form new words. The document also discusses morphological description and challenges, like how different morphs and allomorphs can realize the same morpheme.

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    Morphology - Group 6

    Uploaded by

    Riska Batubara
    5 views17 pages
    This document provides an overview of morphology, the study of word structure and formation. It defines key morphological concepts including morphemes, affixes, roots, stems, and the difference between derivational and inflectional morphemes. Specifically, it explains that morphemes are the minimal units of meaning or function that make up words. Affixes like prefixes and suffixes are bound morphemes that can be added to roots or stems to form new words. The document also discusses morphological description and challenges, like how different morphs and allomorphs can realize the same morpheme.

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    This document provides an overview of morphology, the study of word structure and formation. It defines key morphological concepts including morphemes, affixes, roots, stems, and the difference between derivational and inflectional morphemes. Specifically, it explains that morphemes are the minimal units of meaning or function that make up words. Affixes like prefixes and suffixes are bound morphemes that can be added to roots or stems to form new words. The document also discusses morphological description and challenges, like how different morphs and allomorphs can realize the same morpheme.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views17 pages

    Morphology - Group 6

    Uploaded by

    Riska Batubara
    This document provides an overview of morphology, the study of word structure and formation. It defines key morphological concepts including morphemes, affixes, roots, stems, and the difference between derivational and inflectional morphemes. Specifically, it explains that morphemes are the minimal units of meaning or function that make up words. Affixes like prefixes and suffixes are bound morphemes that can be added to roots or stems to form new words. The document also discusses morphological description and challenges, like how different morphs and allomorphs can realize the same morpheme.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Morphology

    By Group 6

    • Debby Rahmadina Riski (210403020)


    • Fathoni Farid Muhammad (210403035)
    • Nazwa Aprillya Putri (210403008)
    • Syifa Siti Nursiyam (210403031)
    • Yolanda Nafisya Khudzaifah (210403005)
    What is
    morphology?
    The study of internal structure of words
    and of the rules by which words are
    formed
    Morphemes
    a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function
    Morphemes
    a single word may be composed of one or more morphemes
    Example:

    Desire  desire
    Meditation  meditate + ion
    Desirability  desire + able + ity
    Undesirability  un + desire + able + ity
    Free and Bound Morphemes
    Free Morphemes
    Morphemes that can stand by themselves as single words.
    • Example : new, tour

    Bound Morphemes
    Morphemes that can’t normally stand alone and are typically attached to another form
    • Example : re-, -ist, -ed, -s (affixes)
    Affixes
    Prefixes and Suffixes
    Prefixes are affixes that occur before other morphemes
    • Example : un-, pre-, bi-, etc.

    Suffixes are affixes that occur at the end of word or stems


    • Example: -ing, -er, -ist

    Infixes
    Some languages also have infixes, morphemes that are inserted into other morphemes
    • Example : as in Bontoc (language spoken in Philippines)
    • Fikas (noun) “strong”  fumikas (verbs) “to be strong”
    Roots and Stems
    Roots
    A root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it.
    every word contains a root morpheme whether it is free or bound
    Example :
    • Free root morphemes : unhappy  happy (root)
    • Bound root morphemes : receive, perceive, deceive share a common root -ceive

    Stems
    A root morpheme is combined with an affix, it forms a stem
    Lexical and Functional Morphemes
    Lexical Morphemes
    Set of ordinary nouns, adjectives and verbs that we think as the words that carry the “content”
    of the messages we convey.
    • Example : girl, man, sad, long, open, follow, etc.

    Functional Morphemes
    This set consists largely of the functional words in the language such as conjunctions,
    prepositions, articles and pronouns
    • Example : and, but, when, because, etc.
    Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes
    Derivational Morphemes
    Bound morphemes used to make new words or make words of a different grammatical
    category from the stem

    Example :
    • Good (adjectives) + -ness  goodness (noun)
    • Care (noun) + -ful  careful (adjectives)
    Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes
    Inflectional Morphemes
    Set of bound morphemes used to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word.
    English has only eight inflectional morphemes, all suffixes

    Analyze the following sentences:

    Jim’s two sisters are really different.


    One likes to have fun and is always laughing.
    The other liked to read as a child and has always taken things seriously.
    One is the loudest person in the house and the other is quieter than a mouse.
    Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes
    Inflectional Morphemes
    Jim’s two sisters are really different.
    One likes to have fun and is always laughing.
    The other liked to read as a child and has always taken things seriously.
    One is the loudest person in the house and the other is quieter than a mouse.
    Morphological Description
    Morphological Description
    Problems in Morphological Description
    Apparent description of morphological analysis is simple
    ● cat + -s = cats ● institution + -al = institutional
    ● sheep + ? ● leg + -al = legal
    ● man + ?

    Other Problematic Cases


    ● the relationship between law and legal
    ● Law (Old English (lagu) from a Scandinavian source)
    ● Legal (Latin from legalis "of the law")
    ● No derivation relationship
    Noun Adjective
    ● Law ● Legal
    ● Mouth ● Oral
    Morph and Allomorphs
    Morphs
    Actual forms used to realize morphemes
    Example:
    • cats consists of two morphs, cat +-s
    • buses also consists of two morphs (bus + -es)

    there are at least two different morphs (-s and -es, actually /s/ and /əz/) used to realize the
    inflectional morpheme “plural.”
    Morph and Allomorphs
    Allomorphs
    Different forms of the same morpheme, these can be different pronunciations or different
    spellings

    Example :
    The morpheme “PLURAL” usually written as {s}, has at least 3 allomorphs:
    • [s] as in cats [k ᴂt]
    • [z] as in dogs [dɑgz]
    • [əz] as in horses [hɔɹs əz]
    Thank You
    CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and includes
    icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik

    Please keep this slide for attribution

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