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w3q2 Relations and Functions Autosaved Autosaved

The document discusses relations and functions. It defines key terms like relation, function, domain, range, independent variable, and dependent variable. It provides examples of relations that are functions and those that are not. It explains how to determine if a relation shown through ordered pairs, tables, graphs or equations is a function using techniques like the vertical line test. Real-life examples of functions and relations are also given.

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30 views33 pages

w3q2 Relations and Functions Autosaved Autosaved

The document discusses relations and functions. It defines key terms like relation, function, domain, range, independent variable, and dependent variable. It provides examples of relations that are functions and those that are not. It explains how to determine if a relation shown through ordered pairs, tables, graphs or equations is a function using techniques like the vertical line test. Real-life examples of functions and relations are also given.

Uploaded by

jezzaniexyane28
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RELATIONS AND

FUNCTIONS
PRAYER WORKS!
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the discussion, the students
should be able to :
-Illustrate a relation and a function
-verify if a given relation is a function
-determine dependent and independent
variable
HOW DO WE RELATE?

BEDSHEET KITCHEN
PLATE
BLANKET COMFORT ROOM
TOILETRIES
PILLOW
SPOONS BEDROOM
BEDSHEET KITCHEN
PLATE
BLANKET COMFORT ROOM
TOILETRIES
PILLOW
SPOONS BEDROOM

SET A SET B
RELATION- IS A SET OF ORDERED PAIRS
{ (0,1), (1, 2), ( 3, 4)}

DOMAIN- IS THE SET OF ALL THE FIRST COORDINATES (X-


COORDINATES) INPUT
{(0, 1, 3)}
RANGE- IS THE SET OF ALL THE SECOND COORDINATES (Y-
COORDINATES) OUTPUT
{(1, 2, 4)}
ASIDE FROM ORDERED PAIR, WE CAN
REPRESENT A RELATION USING:

-TABLE OF VALUES
-MAPPING DIAGRAM
-GRAPH
{(-2,1)(-2,3)(0,-3)(1,4)(3,1)}
Relations that are Functions:
A function is a special type of relation.
It is a relation where no element in the domain
is mapped or paired to more than one element
in the range
By looking at the definition of a function, one-to-one
relation and many-to-one relation are functions.

One-to-many and many-to-many


relations are just mere relation.
Example 1. Determine which of the following sets of ordered pairs is a
function.
A= {(3, 5), (2, 7), (4, 6), (-3, -5)}
B= {(0, 1), (-1, 2), (0, 3), (-2, 4), (-1, 5)}
C= {(-1, 2), (1, -2), (-2,16), (2, -16), (-3, -54), (3,54),…)}
Solution:
Set A is a function since there are no distinct ordered pairs having the
same first element.
Set B is not a function since ordered pairs (0, 1) and (0, 3) have the same
first element.
Set C is an infinite set but the pattern shows that there are no abscissas
with the same value; hence Set C is a function.
The set of ordered pairs
represents a function if no
two distinct ordered pairs
have the same abscissas
(first elements).
Example 2.
A graph can be identified whether it is a function or a
mere relation by using the Vertical Line Test (VLT).
Solution:
A. The graph in A is a function since the vertical line touches the graph at exactly one point
even if it is moved to the right or to the left.
B. The graph in B is not a function because if we examine the vertical line, it
touches the graph more than once.
C. Examining the vertical line in graph C, it touches the graph once. Hence,
graph in C is a function.
Vertical Line Test This is a test which uses vertical line
to check whether the relation expressed in graph is a
function or not.
If every vertical line intersects the graph not more than
once, then the graph represents a function.
Example 3 Determine whether the given equation is a function
or not.
A.y = 3x – 2
B.y = + 1
C.= + 2x

To determine if a given equation is a function, let us assign a test value


for x and substitute it to the given equation. If one value of the domain
(x) yields exactly a unique value in the range (y) then the equation
represents a function, otherwise, it is not a function.
A. y = 3x – 2
Let us take x = 1, substitute this value of x to y = 3x-2.
y = 3(1) – 2 y = 3 – 2 y = 1,
so the ordered pair is (1, 1) There is only one value of y for one
value of x, therefore y= 3x-2 is a function
B. y = x2 + 1
Let us take x = 2, substitute this value of x to y = x2 + 1.
y = (2)2 + 1 y = 4 + 1 y = 5,
so the ordered pair is (2, 5) There is only one value of y for one value
of x, therefore y = x2 + 1 is a function
Determine whether the given equation is a function or not.
Note:
• If one value of the domain yields exactly one
unique value in the range, then the equation
represents a function. • If a rule or an equation
represents a function, then it can be written in the
form of y = f(x).
Tell whether the following real-life relationships are a function or a mere
relation.
A.The rule that exists between each person to the name of his/ her brother.
B. The rule that exists between every person and to the name of his/her
biological father.

Answer:
A. There are people who have two or more brothers, hence the rule which
each person is paired to his/ her brother is a mere relation.
B. Every person has only one biological father. Therefore, the rule that every
person relates to the name of his/her biological father is a one-to-one relation,
therefore, it is a function.
Note:
All functions are relations but some
relations are not functions.
Function Notation

The function notation y = f(x), which is read as “ 𝑦 equals 𝑓 of 𝑥” or 𝑦 is a


function of 𝑥” is used to denote a functional relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦
variables.

If there is a rule relating y to x such as 𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 2,


and if the relation is a function,
then you can also write this in function notation 𝑓( 𝑥) = 5 𝑥 + 2.

𝑓(𝑥) represents the value of the function at 𝑥.


True or false?

. {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7)} shows one-to-
one relation
Illustrates a function

Illustrates one-to-many
relation

Every function is a relation.


VARIABLES
Rosario is making souvenirs for a friend’s wedding. The number of invited
people to attend the wedding determines the number of souvenirs she must make.
The variables are:
-the number of invited people
-the number of souvenirs
A bakery in Cabadbaran City sells different types of bread. The more bread the
customers buy, the more sacks of flour they will use. The variables are:
_________________________________________________
-the number of bread the customers buy
_________________________________________________
-the number of sacks they will use
During the school’s Mathematics month celebration, the mathematics
teachers initiated different contests categories and bought medals for the
winners. The more contests categories there were in the celebration, the
more medals the teachers need to buy.
The variables are:
________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Independent variable is a variable that will change by taking on
different values. It changes independently.
In a relation, independent variable controls the dependent variable. It is
generally represented by the 𝑥 −variable or what is referred to as the 𝑥
−value.

Dependent variable is a variable that is affected by the independent


variable, and it changes in response to the independent variable.
In a relation, dependent variable depends on the independent variable. It
is generally represented by the 𝑦 −variable or what is referred to as
the 𝑦 −value.
DEPENDENT
DEPENDS ON

DEPENDENT DEPENDS ON
INDEPENDENT
CONTROLS

INDEPENDENT
CONTROLS

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