ENGINEERING SURVEY

for Infrastructure Projects

Department of Public Works and Highways

 Outline
• Roles of Engineering Surveys in the Project Life Cycle
• Coordinate Systems
• Philippine Reference System
• Survey Accuracy
• Common Engineering Survey Equipment

Department of Public Works and Highways

 Outline
• Road Surveys
• Bridge Site Surveys
• Flood Control Surveys
• Vertical Structures Surveys

Department of Public Works and Highways

 Project
DESIGN PHASES Identification

Preliminary
Design Design
Design Supplemental
Development
Engineering Design Stage
Stage
Stage

Execute

Control
Design Design
Revised
Data Plan
Plan
Close-out

Department of Public Works and Highways

 DESIGN DATA COMPONENTS
Topographic Plan Survey Report

Right-of-Way/ Hydrographic
Parcellary Plan Survey Plan
Survey Data P – Political
E – Economical
S – Social
Traffic Data Soil Report T – Technological
E – Environmental
L – Legal
Design
Data External Factors
Hydrologic Data
(PESTEL)

Department of Public Works and Highways

 ENGINEERING ROLES IN PROJECT PHASES

Feasibility Studies
Rough Estimation
and Alignment

Design Development
Final Design and Detailed
Quantity Estimation

Engineering Baseline on the project horizontal and

Project Execution
Surveys vertical alignment execution

Baseline on quality for safe and

Quality Control
economic design

Close-out/ Acceptance
Baseline on deviation of the project design to
the executed project

Department of Public Works and Highways

 COORDINATE SYSTEM
 Cartesian Coordinates
 Angular Coordinates

Planar Coordinates – Northing/Easting/Elevation Global Coordinates – Latitude/Longitude

Department of Public Works and Highways

 PHILIPPINE REFERENCE SYSTEM
• Executive Order No. 45 series of 1993
• Executive Order No. 280 series of 2000
• Executive Order No. 321 series of 2004
• Network of GCPs established using GNSS

Department of Public Works and Highways

 PHILIPPINE DATUM
LUZON DATUM OF 1911
• Clarke Ellipsoid of 1866
Datum Origin:
Fort Balanacan, Marinduque Island
Latitude: 13°33'41"N
Longitude: 121°52'03"E
Reference Direction (from South) to
Station Baltazar:
α0= 009°12'37.000"
Geoid- Spheroid Separation= 0

Department of Public Works and Highways

 PHILIPPINE REFERENCE SYSTEM
Ellipsoid Clarke’s Ellipsoid of 1866
Projection Transverse Mercator, in zones of two degrees net
width
Point of origin Intersection of the equator and the central
meridian of each zone, with a northing of 0m and
an easting of 500,000 m.
Scale factor at 0.99995
central meridian
Extents of zones
Zone Central Meridian Limits
I 117° E 116° 00’ to 118° 30’
II 119° E 117° 30’ to 120° 30’
III 121° E 119° 30’ to 122° 30’
IV 123° E 121° 30’ to 124° 30’
V 125° E 123° 30’ to 127° 00’

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS

Traverse
Accuracy 1st Order 2nd Order 3rd Order
Azimuth
closure not 1.7” √N 3.0” √N 4.5” √N
to exceed
Where N is the number of segments

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS

Vertical Survey Accuracy

Accuracy 2nd Order 3rd Order
Differential levelling
check between fixed
8.4mm√K 12mm √K
elevations of loop
closures not to exceed
Where K is the distance benchmarks in kilometers

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS

Horizontal Survey Accuracy

Accuracy Order Relative Precision Precision(cm/km)
First Order 1:100,000 ±1
Second Order 1:50,000 ±2
Third Order 1:20,000 ±5

Department of Public Works and Highways

 OLD SURVEY INSTRUMENTS

ALTIMETER SEXTANT ALIDADE WITH PLANE TABLE

measure the altitude of an object measure angles, primarily for drawing lines of sight on a distant
above a fixed level. altitude of celestial bodies. object and for measuring angles

Department of Public Works and Highways

 OLD SURVEY INSTRUMENTS

TELESCOPE SURVEYORS’ LEVEL SEMICIRCUMFERENTOR

observation of remote measure the height of measure and lay off
objects by collecting distant points in relation to angles, and establish line
electromagnetic radiation a bench mark. of sight

Department of Public Works and Highways

 OLD SURVEY INSTRUMENTS

THEODOLITE ENGINEERS’ TRANSIT

measures both
measures both
the horizontal and
the horizontal and
vertical angles
vertical angles

Department of Public Works and Highways

 CURRENT COMMON SURVEY INSTRUMENTS

TOTAL STATION DIGITAL LEVEL

Measures horizontal and Measures horizontal

vertical angles and its distance and vertical
sloping distance elevation

Department of Public Works and Highways

 CURRENT COMMON SURVEY INSTRUMENTS
GNSS RECEIVER
Calculates a position from a computed
ranges of all visible GNSS Satellites

Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Direct acquisition of 3D • Accuracy depends on satellite
Coordinates availability, atmospheric
• No base to rover visibility effect, satellite geometry and
requirements multipath
• Day and Night Data Collection • Less precise than TS and DL
• High accuracy on horizontal • Satellite Dependent
position using static method
• Fast data acquisition

Department of Public Works and Highways

 CURRENT COMMON SURVEY INSTRUMENTS
ACTIVE GNSS SYSTEM

Department of Public Works and Highways

 CURRENT SURVEY INSTRUMENTS FOR TOPO
What’s the advantage of today’s survey
equipment?

ELECTRONIC NOTEBOOK/CONTROLLER
• Digital display
• Coded system
• Computer-based system
• Stores survey data
• Exports on many type of file readable to
current survey and design software
• View DEM data
• Incorporates pictures in surveys
• Tracks survey points
• Automated
• User-friendly

Department of Public Works and Highways

 CURRENT COMMON SURVEY INSTRUMENTS
ECHO-SOUNDER TOTAL STATION/GNSS
EQUIPMENT

Department of Public Works and Highways

 CURRENT COMMON SURVEY INSTRUMENTS

DRONE LIDAR DRONE CAMERA

Captures 3D position Captures orthophoto

data on site on site

Department of Public Works and Highways

 NOTES TO REMEMBER

• Topographic surveys for infra projects makes use of coordinate system

rather than the bearing distance system.
• The use of Electronic Controller provided the advancement in survey
procedure and processing.

Department of Public Works and Highways

ROAD
SURVEYS

Department of Public Works and Highways

 Outline
• Survey procedures for road projects
• Reconnaissance
• Route Selection
• Control Surveys
• Topographic Surveys
• Office Planning
• Construction surveying

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR HIGHWAY PROJECTS

New Road Construction

Final
Route Preliminary Office
Reconnaissance Location
Selection Survey Planning
Survey

Based on DGCS 2015 – Volume 2B

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

New Road Construction

Reconnaissance
Route Control Topographic Office
Selection Surveys Surveys Planning

• Road Opening
• Road Upgrading (Gravel to Concrete or Asphalt)
• Road Realignment (Diversion Road, Alignment Shifting, etc.)

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR HIGHWAY PROJECTS

Road Rehabilitation

Preliminary Office Final Location

Survey Planning Survey

Based on DGCS 2015 – Volume 2B

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Road Rehabilitation

Control Topographic Office

Surveys Surveys Planning

• Widening/Off-carriageway project
• Additional road component (shoulders, sidewalk, bike lanes, etc.)
• Road Slip

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Office Planning

• Office Reconnaissance
- Checking of available maps of the area

• Site Reconnaissance (Optional)

- Checking of verifiable features on
possible alignments or within the area

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Office Planning

• Readily Available Maps

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Office Planning

• Maps from Mapping Agencies (NAMRIA) &

Philippine Geoportal (www.geoportal.ph)

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Office Planning

• Other available maps like LIDAR

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Office Planning

• Other available maps like IFSAR

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance
Route Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Office Planning
Selection

• Right-of-way
CONSIDERATIONS

• Land Use
• Length
• Alignment and Grade VERIFY ON SITE
• Waterway Crossings
• Construction Cost
• Benefit to Users

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection

Control Topographic Surveys Office Planning
Surveys

NAMRIA
GROUND
GPS CONTROL
CONTROL
POINTS

• 3km interval
Static Method • Horizontal Accuracy: Third-order
accuracy (1:20000 or 5cm/km)
• Vertical Accuracy: Second Order
Accuracy 8.4 mm√K

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection

Control Topographic Surveys Office Planning
Surveys

GPS CONTROL BENCHMARKS

(BMs)

• 500m interval
• Horizontal Accuracy: Third-order accuracy
(1:20000 or 5cm/km) or Azimuth Error of
Closure: 4.5”√N
• Vertical Accuracy: Second Order Accuracy
8.4 mm√K
Department of Public Works and Highways
 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection

Control Topographic Surveys Office Planning
Surveys

GPS CONTROL
INTERMEDIATE
BENCHMARKS
(IBMs)
BENCHMARKS
(BMs) • 250m interval
• Horizontal Accuracy: Third-order accuracy
(1:20000 or 5cm/km) or Azimuth Error of
Closure: 4.5”√N
• Vertical Accuracy: Second Order Accuracy
8.4 mm√K
Department of Public Works and Highways
 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection

Control Topographic Surveys Office Planning
Surveys

• How to compute an survey error?

GPS CLOSED TRAVERSE BM

CONTROL

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection

Control Topographic Surveys Office Planning
Surveys

• How to compute an survey error? Error is displayed

on data controller

NAMRIA
GPS
Control
CONTROL
Point

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection

Control Topographic Surveys Office Planning
Surveys

Dimension of Monuments:
TD
NGL EH GPS Control:
• TD = 40 cm
L • BD = 45 cm
• L = 100 cm
• EH = 20 cm
BD

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection

Control Topographic Surveys Office Planning
Surveys

Dimension of Monuments:
TD
NGL EH Bench Marks (BMs):
• TD = 30 cm
L • BD = 35 cm
• L = 100 cm
• EH = 20 cm
BD

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection

Control Topographic Surveys Office Planning
Surveys

Dimension of Monuments:
TD
NGL EH Intermediate Bench Marks (BMs):
• TD = 20 cm
L • BD = 30 cm
• L = 80 cm
• EH = 20 cm
BD

Department of Public Works and Highways

 Sample Monument Erections
GPS-2
Sta 3+000

GPS-1 Sta 0+000 BM-4

IBM-6
BM-5
BM-3
BM-2
IBM-5
Monument BM-1 IBM-4

Inscriptions IBM-3

IBM-2

DPWH – R10 IBM-1

GPS 1
JUNE 2017
N = 1073496.664
E = 518890.250
EL = 30.826

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys

Topographic Office Planning
Surveys
Using Total Station
Methods of TS Measurement:
GPS • Reflectorless
CONTROL • Using prism
BACKSIGH

side
s ho
BMs ts side sh
T

ots side shots

IBMs

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys

Topographic Office Planning
Surveys
Using GNSS Equipment Methods of GNSS Measurement:
• Single Point Measurement
• Auto Topo

Internal Radio: Appx 3-10 kms

Rover
External Radio: Up to 30 kms Rover
Rover Survey
Survey
Survey Points
Points
POSITION BASE Points
GPS
BMs IBMs
CONTROL

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys

Topographic Office Planning
Surveys
Points to be taken during Topo Surveys:
Width of Topo Survey:
1. Topographic points that will represent the terrain. AT LEAST WITHIN THE
2. Structures that will affect your project. LIMIT OF RIGHT-OF-WAY

Rule of No.1 Rule of No.2

1. There were no strict rules in the spacing of 1. Determine non-elevation and elevation
topo points representing a terrain. structures
2. As a rule of thumb: Get a points at least 2- 2. Determine structures that needs to be
5 meters on flat surface or at any represented by feature lines and
changing elevation appx 50 – 100 mm. breaklines on plan.
3. Shot permanent structures only.

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys

Topographic Office Planning
Surveys
Right-of-Way Limit:
“National roads shall have a right-of-way of not less than twenty (20) meters, provided that
a right-of-way of at least sixty (60) meters shall be reserved for roads constructed to
unpatented public land and at least one hundred twenty (120) meters reserved through
naturally forested areas of aesthetic or scientific value” – Executive Order No. 254

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys

Office
Planning
Software used in Office Planning:
STANDARD DPWH SOFTWARE
FOR HIGHWAY DESIGN
- Especially designed for horizontal
projects
- Compatible with coded surveying
- Dynamic drawing adjustment
- 3D Viewing

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys

Office
Planning
Basic Components of AutoCAD Civil 3D on Highway Design:
- Survey Points - Cross-section sheets
- Surface - Quantity
- Alignment - Reports
- Profile - Paper View
- Assembly
- Corridor

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys

Office
Planning
Survey Points:
P - Point
Number - Unique Point Number
E - Easting - Must be in PRS92
N - Northing
Z - Elevation - Must be in MSL
D - - Field Code
Description

nt of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys

Office
Planning
Surface: - Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
- Most commonly known as contours
Triangular Irregular
Network (TIN) Model

Contour Model
- Basic requirement on
highway plan and shall
be spaced at every 1
meter on minor
contours and 5 meters
on major contours

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys

Office
Planning
- also known as Horizontal
Alignment:Alignment
- the first to be established after finalization of the DTM
- can be created using survey points, best fit alignments or drawing
objects

• Centerline Alignment
• Offset Alignment
• Curb Alignment

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys

Office
Planning
Alignment:
• Make the alignment close as possible to existing terrain within the established standards.
• The centerline alignment created during the survey works are only preliminary lines.
Factors that affect horizontal alignment:
1. Radius of Curve (R)
2. Length of Curve (Lc)
3. Superelevation (e) See DGCS Volume 4 – Highway Design
4. Widening
5. Spiral Transition

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys

Office
Planning
Alignment:
• Final centerline alignment created during the design shall be the basis for the parcellary
surveys.

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys

Office
Planning
Profile: - also known as Vertical Alignment
• Make the grade close as possible to existing terrain within the established standards.

Factors that affect vertical alignment:

1. Gradient See DGCS Volume 4 – Highway Design
2. Vertical Curve

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys

Office
Planning
Survey requirements for Road Plan
• Title of Plan  Basic Requirement on all plans
 Project from Google Map, Bing Map,
• Location Plan showing city, municipality ArcGIS Base Maps (Large Scale
and barangay Projection)
 Municipal Map, Google Map (Projecting
• Vicinity Map only the barangay within the project)
 Tabulated information of Project
• Technical Description of Controlling Controls
Points

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys

Office
Planning
Survey requirements for Road Plan
• Legends, Symbols and Abbreviations  Point Style (Marker), Description Keys
or Survey Codes used and other
legends used in the plan.
• Project Area plotted in grid coordinate  Project grid coordinates in drawing
system
• Match line Stationing  Automated in Civil3D during Plan
Production in generating drawing views

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys

Office
Planning
Survey requirements for Road Plan
• North Arrow Direction  Upon uploading the coordinates in the
drawing, it is automatically oriented in
north direction
• Contours  Surface generated displaying the
border, contours with major and minor
contours at every 5 m and 1 m
respectively.
• Traverse line/baseline with azimuth and  Generated on label styles on alignment
distance (in plan and tabular form)

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys

Office
Planning
Survey requirements for Road Plan
• Elements of curves, in tabular form  Alignment Properties
• Reference Points, in tabular form  NAMRIA Control Point
 Structures surveyed that may affect the
• All natural and manmade features project execution
 Structures surveyed that may affect the
• Existing RCPC, RCBC (if any) project execution
 Existing ground profile
• Profile of existing ground  Bridge structures surveyed
• Name of bridge with station limit, OWL
and MEFL on Profile

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys

Office
Planning
Survey requirements for Road Plan
• Detailed Cross-sections with  Reflect labels for cross sections
coordinates
• Structures reflected on the cross  Project structures on cross-sections
sections sheets

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR ROAD PROJECTS

Reconnaissance Route Selection Control Surveys Topographic Surveys

Office
Planning
Assembly - also known as Typical Cross
Sections
Corridor - digital model of the road
Cross-section sheets - typical cross-sections at every stations
- area, volume or linear meters of items of work in the
Quantity project
- valuable information regarding with the design
Design Reports components
Paper Layout - a ready to print plan view

Department of Public Works and Highways

BRIDGE SITE
SURVEYS

Department of Public Works and Highways

 Outline
• Survey procedures for road projects
• Reconnaissance
• Route Selection
• Control Surveys
• Topographic Surveys
• Office Planning
• Construction surveying

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS

New Bridge Construction

Reconnaissance
Control Topographic Hydrographic Office
(Bridge Site
Selection) Surveys Surveys Surveys Planning

• New Bridge
• New Bridge Alignment

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS

Bridge Rehabilitation

Control Topographic Hydrographic Office

Surveys Surveys Surveys Planning

• Bridge site surveys shall only be require on bridge

rehabilitation projects where final elevation of the
existing bridge or bridge approach will be totally
disturbed.

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Topographic Hydrographic
(Bridge Site Control Surveys Office Planning
Surveys Surveys
Selection)

General Considerations:
• Narrowest neck of the waterway
• Well defined and highly resistant banks
• Stable and permanent channel
• Foundation and geological considerations
• Destruction of scour, erosion and drifts
• Sharp curve shall be avoided at the approaches
• Skewed crossing must be avoided as much as possible
• In rolling country, the grade approaching the bridge must be ascending

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Plan Projection
(Bridge Site Selection)

NAMRIA
GROUND
BENCHMARK
CONTROL
POINTS

• One (1) on each bank

Static Method • Horizontal Accuracy: Third-order
accuracy (1:20000 or 5cm/km)
• Vertical Accuracy: Second Order
Accuracy 8.4 mm√K

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

• How to compute an survey error? Error is displayed

on data controller

NAMRIA
GPS
Control
CONTROL
Point

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

Dimension of Monuments:
TD
NGL EH Bench Marks (BMs):
• TD = 30 cm
L • BD = 35 cm
• L = 100 cm
• EH = 20 cm
BD

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

Using Total Station

MEFL
BACKSIGH

BMs
T

TOPO point OWL

TOPO point
1. Topographic points that will represent the terrain.
2. Structures that will affect your project.

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

Using GNSS Equipment

Methods of GNSS Measurement:
• Single Point Measurement
• Auto Topo

Internal Battery: Appx 3-10 kms

Rover
External Battery: Up to 30 kms Rover
Rover Survey
Survey
Survey Points
Points
POSITION BASE Points

BMs

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

Width of Survey

ROW 100 m
BACKSIGH

BMs BRIDGE & APPROACHES

T

100 m ROW

1. Topographic points that will represent the terrain.

2. Structures that will affect your project.

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

Shallow River Using Total Station or GNSS Equipment

POSITION BASE

BMs

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

Deep water river using echo-sounder

POSITION BASE

BMs

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

Width of Survey
For proposed bridges: 200 m (min) and 20 m
cross-sections at every 20 m interval
BRIDGE & APPROACHES
Cross-sections shall be extended at
least 20 m from the top of the bank
20 m 200 m

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
(Bridge Site Selection)
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning

Survey requirements for Bridge Plans

• Title of Plan  Basic Requirement on all plans
 Project from Google Map, Bing Map,
• Location Plan showing city, municipality ArcGIS Base Maps (Large Scale
and barangay Projection)
 Municipal Map, Google Map (Projecting
• Vicinity Map only the barangay within the project)
 Tabulated information of Project
• Technical Description of Controlling Controls
Points

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
(Bridge Site Selection)
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning

Survey requirements for Bridge Plans

• Legends, Symbols and Abbreviations  Point Style (Marker), Description Keys
or Survey Codes used and other
legends used in the plan.
• Project Area plotted in grid coordinate  Project grid coordinates in drawing
system
• Match line Stationing  Automated in Civil3D during Plan
Production in generating drawing views

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
(Bridge Site Selection)
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning

Survey requirements for Bridge Plans

• North Arrow Direction  Upon uploading the coordinates in the
drawing, it is automatically oriented in
north direction
• Contours  Surface generated displaying the
border, contours with major and minor
contours at every 5 m and 1 m
respectively.
• Traverse line/baseline with azimuth and  Generated on label styles on alignment
distance (in plan and tabular form)

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
(Bridge Site Selection)
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning

Survey requirements for Bridge Plans

• Reference Points, in tabular form  NAMRIA Control Point
 Structures surveyed that may affect the
• All natural and manmade features project execution
 Consult the bridge designer on the
• General Plan of the Bridge & general plan, direction of flow shall be
approaches showing OWL, MEFL, noted during the survey works
station limit and name of the bridge
and direction of flow  Create alignment for riverbed, left bank
• Longitudinal profile of the riverbed, left and right bank; and extract thereafter
and right bank

Department of Public Works and Highways

 BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
Construction Surveying

Location of Project Controls Bridge Stakeout Elevation Monitoring

• Locate the project controls on site as reflected on the horizontal plan.

(Survey reports may be used as an aid to relocation)
Project • Check for possible destruction, movement or dilapidation of the
Controls monument.
• Check for similarity of the inscriptions and coordinates as reflected on
the plan.
• The project controls will be used on as-stake survey and as-built survey.

Department of Public Works and Highways

FLOOD CONTROL
SURVEYS

Department of Public Works and Highways

 Outline
• Survey procedures for road projects
• Reconnaissance
• Route Selection
• Control Surveys
• Topographic Surveys
• Office Planning
• Construction surveying

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS

New Construction

Reconnaissance
Control Topographic Hydrographic Office
(Bridge Site
Selection) Surveys Surveys Surveys Planning

• Revetment/Flood Control
• Urban Drainage

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS
Topographic Hydrographic
Reconnaissance Control Surveys
Surveys Surveys
Office Planning

• Readily Available Maps

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS
Topographic Hydrographic
Reconnaissance Control Surveys
Surveys Surveys
Office Planning

• Maps from Mapping Agencies (NAMRIA) &

Philippine Geoportal (www.geoportal.ph)

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS
Topographic Hydrographic
Reconnaissance Control Surveys
Surveys Surveys
Office Planning

• Other available maps like LIDAR

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Plan Projection
(Bridge Site Selection)

NAMRIA
GROUND
BENCHMARK
CONTROL
POINTS

• One (1) on each bank

Static Method • Horizontal Accuracy: Third-order
accuracy (1:20000 or 5cm/km)
• Vertical Accuracy: Second Order
Accuracy 8.4 mm√K

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

• How to compute an survey error? Error is displayed

on data controller

NAMRIA
GPS
Control
CONTROL
Point

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

Dimension of Monuments:
TD
NGL EH Bench Marks (BMs):
• TD = 30 cm
L • BD = 35 cm
• L = 100 cm
• EH = 20 cm
BD

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

Using Total Station

MEFL
BACKSIGH

BMs
T

OWL
TOPO point

TOPO point
1. Topographic points that will represent the terrain.
2. Structures that will affect your project.

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS
Topographic Hydrographic
Reconnaissance Control Surveys Office Planning
Surveys Surveys

Using GNSS Equipment

Methods of GNSS Measurement:
• Single Point Measurement
• Auto Topo

Internal Battery: Appx 3-10 kms

Rover
External Battery: Up to 30 kms Rover
Rover Survey
Survey
Survey Points
Points
POSITION BASE Points

BMs

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

Width of Survey
50 meters beyond the proposed work.
BACKSIGH

BMs
T

50 m 50 m

1. Topographic points that will represent the terrain.

2. Structures that will affect your project.

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

Length of Survey
50 meters beyond the proposed work along alignment
BACKSIGH

BMs
T

50 m 50 m

1. Topographic points that will represent the terrain.

2. Structures that will affect your project.

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS
Topographic Hydrographic
Reconnaissance Control Surveys Office Planning
Surveys Surveys

Width of Survey
20 meters beyond the proposed work.
BACKSIGH

BMs
T

20 m 20 m

1. Topographic points that will represent the terrain.

2. Structures that will affect your project.

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

Shallow River Using Total Station or GNSS Equipment

POSITION BASE

BMs

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning
(Bridge Site Selection)

Deep water river using echo-sounder

POSITION BASE

BMs

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR FC PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
(Bridge Site Selection)
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning

Survey requirements for Bridge Plans

• North Arrow Direction  Upon uploading the coordinates in the
• Contours drawing, it is automatically oriented in
• Traverse line/baseline with azimuth and north direction
distance (in plan and tabular form)  Surface generated displaying the
border, contours with major and minor
contours at every 5 m and 1 m
respectively.
 Generated on label styles on alignment

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE PROJECTS
Reconnaissance
(Bridge Site Selection)
Control Surveys Topographic Surveys Hydrographic Surveys Office Planning

Survey requirements for Bridge Plans

• Reference Points, in tabular form  NAMRIA Control Point
 Structures surveyed that may affect the
• All natural and manmade features project execution
 Consult the bridge designer on the
• General Plan of the FC showing OWL, general plan, direction of flow shall be
MEFL, station limit and name of the noted during the survey works
bridge and direction of flow
• Longitudinal profile of the riverbed, left  Create alignment for riverbed, left bank
and right bank and right bank; and extract thereafter

Department of Public Works and Highways

VERTICAL
STRUCTURES
SURVEYS

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR VERTICAL PROJECTS

New Construction

Control Relocation Topographic Office

Surveys Surveys Surveys Planning

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR VERTICAL PROJECTS

Control Surveys Relocation Surveys Topographic Surveys Office Planning

NAMRIA
GROUND
BENCHMARK
CONTROL
POINTS

• One (1) on each bank

Static Method
• Horizontal Accuracy: Third-order
accuracy (1:20000 or 5cm/km)
• Vertical Accuracy: Second Order
Accuracy 8.4 mm√K

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR VERTICAL PROJECTS

Control Surveys Relocation Surveys Topographic Surveys Office Planning

C1 C2
Using Total Station
BACKSIGH

BMs
T

C3 C4

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR VERTICAL PROJECTS

Control Surveys Relocation Surveys Topographic Surveys Office Planning

Using Total Station and/or Digital Level

Methods of TS Measurement:
GPS • Reflectorless
CONTROL • Using prism
BACKSIGH

side
s ho
BMs ts side sh
T

ots side shots

IBMs
C4

Department of Public Works and Highways

 SURVEY PROCEDURES FOR VERTICAL PROJECTS

Control Surveys Relocation Surveys Topographic Surveys Office Planning

Survey requirements for Bridge Plans

• Reference Points, in tabular form

• All natural and manmade features

• North Arrow Direction
• Contours
• Traverse line/baseline with azimuth and
distance (in plan and tabular form)
• Lot Area

Department of Public Works and Highways

END OF PRESENTATION