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One Time Pad Cipher - Encryption

The document discusses the one-time pad cipher, which is a cryptographic system that uses a randomly generated private key to encrypt a message. The key is only used once to encrypt the message, then the receiver decrypts it using the matching one-time pad and key. Each encryption is unique and bears no relation to other encryptions, making patterns impossible to detect. However, the decrypting party must have access to the same key used to encrypt and keys must be shared and stored securely.

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afiaden24
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49 views

One Time Pad Cipher - Encryption

The document discusses the one-time pad cipher, which is a cryptographic system that uses a randomly generated private key to encrypt a message. The key is only used once to encrypt the message, then the receiver decrypts it using the matching one-time pad and key. Each encryption is unique and bears no relation to other encryptions, making patterns impossible to detect. However, the decrypting party must have access to the same key used to encrypt and keys must be shared and stored securely.

Uploaded by

afiaden24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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One Time Pad Cipher-

Encryption
GROUP THREE
Defination

What is a one-time pad?


 In cryptography, a one-time pad is a system in which a randomly generated private key is
used only once to encrypt a message that is then decrypted by the receiver using a
matching one-time pad and key.
One-time pad Cipher

 Messages encrypted with keys based on randomness have the advantage that there is
theoretically no way to break the code by analyzing a succession of messages.
 Each encryption is unique and bears no relation to the next encryption, making it
impossible to detect a pattern.
 But with a one-time pad, the decrypting party must have access to the same key used to
encrypt the message; this raises the issue of how to get the key to the decrypting party
safely, or how to keep both keys secure.
One-time pad Cipher

 One-time pads have been used when both parties started out at the same physical location
and then separated, each with knowledge of the keys in the one-time pad. The key used in
a one-time pad is called a secret key because if it is revealed, the messages encrypted with
it can be deciphered easily.
How does a one-time pad cipher work?

 Typically, a one-time pad is created by generating a string of characters or numbers that


will be at least as long as the longest message that will be sent.
 This string of values is generated in some random fashion, such as by using a computer
program with a random number generator.
 The values are written down on a pad or on any device that someone can read. The pads
are given to anyone who is likely to send or receive a sensitive message.
 Typically, a pad may be issued as a collection of keys -- one for each day in a month, for
example, with one key expiring at the end of each day or after it has been used once.
Cont.…..

 When a message is to be sent, the sender uses the secret key to encrypt each character one
at a time.
 If a computer is used, each bit in the character -- which is usually eight bits in length -- is
exclusively OR'ed with the corresponding bit in the secret key. With a one-time pad, the
encryption algorithm is simply the XOR operation.
 When there is some concern about how truly random the key is, it is sometimes combined
with another algorithm, such as MD5.
 This kind of encryption can be considered 100% noise source used to mask the message,
and only the sender and receiver have the means to remove the noise.
 Once the one-time pad is used, it cannot be reused. If it is reused, someone who intercepts
multiple messages can begin to compare them for similar coding for words that may occur
in several messages
Cont.…….

 A simple example of how a one-time pad works is shown in the example below.
 Here, we have a plaintext message of TEST.
 We also have a random secret key of FVEB, which is the same length as the message sent.
 Using the simple process of assigning a letter to a number, the plaintext message can be
translated to 19, 4, 18 and 19.
 Using this same conversion method for the secret key, we get 5, 21, 4 and 1.
 Adding the two together, we get 24, 25, 22 and 20; when converted back to alphabetic
letters, this gives us an encrypted message of YZWU. This message can then be decrypted
by reversing the steps.
How is one-time pad used?

Although a one-time pad is truly the only unbreakable encryption method, its use is
impractical for many modern applications because the system must meet the following
conditions:
 The key must be the same size as the message being sent.
 The key must be truly random.
 Keys must never be reused.
 Keys must be securely shared between the sending and receiving parties.

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