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Relative Clauses

The document discusses different types of relative clauses: 1) Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses and include who, which, where, whose. 2) Non-defining relative clauses provide extra information and use commas. Defining relative clauses are essential to the meaning of the sentence. 3) Reduced relative clauses replace the relative pronoun and verb with a participle to create a more concise phrase.

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31 views17 pages

Relative Clauses

The document discusses different types of relative clauses: 1) Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses and include who, which, where, whose. 2) Non-defining relative clauses provide extra information and use commas. Defining relative clauses are essential to the meaning of the sentence. 3) Reduced relative clauses replace the relative pronoun and verb with a participle to create a more concise phrase.

Uploaded by

raiganat134
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relative
Clauses
Table of contents

01 Relative Pronouns

02 Non- defining relative


clauses

03 Defining relative clauses

04 Reduced Relative clauses


Relative
pronouns
Relative pronouns

We use relative pronouns in relative clauses.


We use relative clauses to give more information about
something, without having to start a new sentence.

That man over there is called Bill Gates. He started Microsoft.

That man over there, who's called Bill Gates, started


Microsoft.
Relative pronouns
Use Example
Who for people What's the name of the man who
created the Internet?

Which for things and animals The experiment which worked


was the last one.

Where for places This is the town where Albert


Einstein was born.

Whose to show possession That's the man whose sister


discovered a new planet
Relative pronouns
WATCH OUT!

We can use who for animals when we give them a personality.

 Our dog, who's called Benji, is eight years old.

When there is a relative pronoun, remember not to repeat the subject/object.

 What's the name of the man who he created the World Wide Web?
 This is the experiment which I’m doing it at the moment.
Non-defining
relative clauses
Non-defining relative clauses
Non-defining relative clauses give extra information.
The sentence makes sense without the relative clause.

Hector, who is a brilliant actor, took the main role.

If we remove the relative clause, the sentence still makes


sense:

Hector took the main role.


Non-defining relative clauses
Use Example
This program, which is totally free,
To give extra information protects your computer against
viruses.

Helpful hints
We use commas with non-defining
relative clauses.

Carl, whose sister is famous, is a friend


of mine.
Non-defining relative clauses
WATCH OUT!

We can leave out the relative pronouns who, which and that when they are
followed by a noun or a pronoun:

He is the man (who/that) I want to marry.

BUT:

This is the man who/that wants to marry me.


Non-defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses can also comment on the rest of the sentence
and are then begun with the pronoun which:

Tom was late for dinner again, which made his mother furious.

The waiter continued to stare at me, which I found extremely annoying.


Defining relative
clauses
Defining relative clauses

Defining relative clauses give very important information.


If we remove a defining relative clause, the sentence doesn't make sense.

Imagine that there are lots of people in a room. Only one of them is wearing a
blue shirt.
The person who is wearing the blue shirt started Microsoft.

The person who is wearing the blue shirt started Microsoft.


If we remove the relative clause, we won't know which person it is.
× The person started Microsoft.
Non-defining relative clauses
Use Example
This is the TV which works. This
To define who or what we are is the VT which doesn't work.
talking about

Helpful hints
We don't use commas with defining relative
clauses.
• We can use that instead of who and which.
Reduced relative
clauses
Reduced relative clauses

We use the Present Participle (in the active voice) or the Past Participle (in
the passive voice) instead of the relative pronoun and the verb:

Elderly people living alone (= who live alone) should have friends or family
to care for them.

Children raised (= who were raised) in a bilingual environment may begin


to speak a little later.
Reduced relative clauses
They can be both defining and non-defining:

Do you know the man talking (= who is talking) to Mr Schwartz? (defining)

Rich people, accustomed (= who are accustomed) to luxurious living, will


never understand poor people.
(non- defining)

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