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Introduction To Advance Microprocessor

This document provides an introduction to the Intel X-86 family of microprocessors. It discusses the evolution from early 4-bit and 8-bit microprocessors to more advanced 32-bit microprocessors. The X-86 family began with the 8086 and 8088 microprocessors introduced by Intel in 1978. Major subsequent models included the 80286, 80386, 80486 and Pentium, each with improvements like wider data buses and more advanced computing capabilities. The document outlines some key attributes and programming models of the X-86 family microprocessors.

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8 views

Introduction To Advance Microprocessor

This document provides an introduction to the Intel X-86 family of microprocessors. It discusses the evolution from early 4-bit and 8-bit microprocessors to more advanced 32-bit microprocessors. The X-86 family began with the 8086 and 8088 microprocessors introduced by Intel in 1978. Major subsequent models included the 80286, 80386, 80486 and Pentium, each with improvements like wider data buses and more advanced computing capabilities. The document outlines some key attributes and programming models of the X-86 family microprocessors.

Uploaded by

dishantjawade2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Intel X-86 Family

By,
Prof. Arghya Mukherjee
Jr. Lecturer,
Dinanath Jr. College & High School,
Dhantoli, Nagpur.
Introduction to advance microprocessor
• First microprocessor was a 4 bit microprocessor.
• Soon after that we have 8 bit and 16 bit microprocessor.
• The next step was 32 bit microprocessor.
• The advanced microprocessors are very powerful computing devices
• 32 bit microprocessors are also used for graphic display systems.
• It performs arithmetic function such as add, subtract, multiply, divide
and trigonometric functions.
• It returns result much faster than general CPU.
• Products using advanced microprocessor also require sophisticated
operating system and application software.
• One of the common applications for advanced microprocessor is
with multiuser or multitasking operating system.
• Data protection techniques are used to keep two users or tasks from
accessing the same data at the same time.
• Advanced microprocessor often include special instructions and
internal hardware which allow a programmer to write software
without knowing how much memory is available
Introduction to X-86 family and major attributes :-
• During late 1978, Intel introduced the 8088 and 8086.
• Internally these two 16 bit microprocessors have identical
architectures.
• The difference between these two is 8088 has an 8-bit external data
bus and 8086 used 16 bit external data bus.
• In 1981 IBM introduced a P.C. (Personal Computer) based on 8088.
• The 8088 and 8086 have several versions with wider external data
bus, greater memory addressing space and advanced computing
functions are 80286, 80386 and 80486.
• 8086 was first member of X-86 family.
• It was followed by 8088 within few months.
• The next major introduction was 80286.
• IBM introduced PC/AT (Personal Computer / Advanced Technology)
version of its PC using 286 in 1984.
• The 80386 was next major step.
• 386 is a full 32 bit microprocessor.
• It has 32 bit data bus and 32 bit address bus.
Introduction to X-86 family and major attributes…. :-
Introduction to X-86 family and major attributes…. :-
• It uses 32 bit internal registers.
• Intel introduces a special version of 386 called 386 SX.
• It uses 16 bit data bus.
• The original 386 was renamed as 80386DX.
• The other versions of 386 are 386 DX2 and 386 DX4.
• The DX2 version doubles the clock speed.
• The 386 DX4 triples the internal clock speed.
• The 486 basically a large integrated circuit which contains a fast 386
processor, a math processor, a memory management unit and an 8
KB cache memory.
• Like 386 there are also DX and SX versions.
• The Pentium is the next member of X-86 family. Its features are –
– Pentium processor possesses more than one instruction per clock cycle.
– The addition of both, data and code caches on chip improve processing speed.
– A new advanced computing technique used in the pentium is called branch
prediction.
– Branch prediction prevents the instruction cache from running dry during
conditional instructions. It has 64 bit data bus.
Programming model forX-86 family of advanced µp:
• The 8088 and 8086 define the base programming model for the
entire X-86 family of advanced microprocessors.
• The newer members of X-86 family have greater computing power
as they uses 32 bit registers instead of 16 bit and have advanced
addressing techniques.
Programming model forX-86 family of advanced µp:

• To achieve greater speed, X-86 processors includes various levels of


instruction pre fetching and data caching.
• All X-86 processors include some instructions pre-fetching (also called
caching).
• These processors have sufficient internal memory in which they can cache
data as well as code.
• The additional instructions are fetched and stored in processor’s pre-fetch
queue or code cache.
• These instructions are immediate available for processing.
• This speeds up execution time.
• X-86 processor also stores frequently used data in on board memory .

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