PHYSICAL SCIENCE

QUARTER 3

Allyssa Angelique Naldoza

Practice Teacher

#sumiSIGLAngSanMarianoNHS
 What’s the hidden word?

BALANCE CHEMICAL EQUATION

BALANCING CHEMICAL
EQUATIONS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
a) balance chemical equations;
b) appreciate the importance of balancing chemical
equations in understanding chemical reactions; and
c) demonstrate the ability to balance chemical
equations by applying the principles of
conservation of mass.
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
• it is the symbolic
representation of a chemical
reaction in the form of
symbols, numbers, and
chemical formulas.
 REACTANT PRODUCT
 these are the these are the
substances that substances that
changes when it is result of chemical
combined with reactions.
another substance in
a chemical reaction.
REACTANT  PRODUCT
• C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O
• SiCl4 + H2O  H4SiO4 + HCl
• Al + HCl  AlCl3 + H2
• KClO3  KClO4 + KCl
• Na2CO3 + HCl  NaCl + H2O +
CO2
SYMBOLS USED IN CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
SYMBOLS USED IN CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
SYMBOLS USED IN CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
SYMBOLS USED IN CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
SYMBOLS USED IN CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
SYMBOLS USED IN CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
STEPS IN BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

STEP 1. Identify the elements on the reactant side

(left side) and the elements of the compound are on
the product side (right side). Make a list of all of the
elements on each side under the equation for both the
reactants and products.
STEPS IN BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

STEP 2. Identifying the atoms in each element.

STEP 3. Multiplying the number of atoms and

the coefficient.

STEP 4. Check the equation.

 Example
1. Aluminum bromide and chlorine gas react to
form aluminum chloride and bromine gas.

AlBr3 + Cl2 AlCl3 + Br2

 Example
2. Potassium metal and chlorine gas combine to
form potassium chloride

K + Cl2 KCl
 Example
3. Aluminum hydroxide reacts with hydrogen
bromide to produce aluminum bromide and water

Al(OH)3 +HBr AlBr3 + H2O

 Example
4.. Aluminum and hydrochloric acid react to form
aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas.

Al + HCl H2 + AlCl3
 Example
5. Phosphoric acid reacts with calcium hydroxide
to produce calcium phosphate and water.

H3PO4+Ca(OH)2 Ca3(PO4)2+H2O
MECHANICS
 The first student from each team runs to the chair in
front, balances the equation, and runs back to tag the
next student.
 The relay race continues until all team members have
balanced the equation.
 The team with the fastest time and correctly balanced
equation wins.
ANSWERS:
2 H2 + 1 O2 2 H2O
1 CH4 + 2 O2 1 CO2 + 2 H2O
4 P + 5 O2 2 P2O5
1 S8 + 12 O2 8 SO3
1 Pb(OH)2 + 2 HCl 2 H2O + 1 PbCl2
How does a balancing chemical equation
help us understand the relationship
between reactants and products in a
chemical reaction?
Balance the following chemical equations.
1. ____ N2 + ____ H2 ____ NH3
2. ____ KClO3 ____ KCl + ____ O2
3. ____ NaCl + ____ F2 ____ NaF + ____ Cl2
4. ____ H2 + ____ O2 ____ H2O
5. ____ Pb(OH)2 + ____ HCl ____ H2O + ____
PbCl2
Limiting Reactant
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able
to:

a) explain the concept of limiting reactant;

b) recognize the importance of understanding
limiting reactant to solve practical problems; and
c) calculate the limiting reactant.
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able
to:

a) explain the concept of limiting reactant;

b) recognize the importance of understanding
limiting reactant to solve practical problems; and
c) calculate the limiting reactant.
Activity!
Scenario: Hazel invites her friends over for lunch
on Saturday. She plans to make cheese sandwiches
that require two slices of bread and one slice of
cheese. She opens the refrigerator and finds out
that she has 40 slices of cheese. She then looks in
the bread box to find 16 slices of bread.
Activity!
1. What is Hazel’s plan to make for her friends?
2. What is required in making cheese sandwiches?
3. How many pieces of cheese and breads does she
have?
Activity!
4. How many sandwiches can she make?
5. Which of her ingredients is the limiting the number
of sandwiches she can make?
6. How much of the starting material is left over once
she is done making sandwiches?
7. In connection to chemical reaction, which are the
reactants and product?
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is a chemical term to describe
calculations that allow us to find the amounts of
chemicals involved in each reaction.
Limiting Reactant
 It is the reactant that is completely used or
reacted.
Excess Reactant
 It is the reactant that is not used up
when the reaction is finished.
How to determine the limiting reactant?
Step 1: Balance the equation.
Step 2: Find the Molar Mass
Step 3: Calculate the amount of product that
each reactant could make to determine the
limiting reactant and excess reactant.
How to determine the limiting reactant?
Example 1: For the following reaction, what is
the limiting reagent if we start with 2.80g of Al
(Aluminum) and 4.25g of Cl (Chlorine)?
How to determine the limiting reactant?
Example 1: For the following reaction, what is
the limiting reagent if we start with 2.80g of Al
(Aluminum) and 4.25g of Cl (Chlorine)?
How to determine the limiting reactant?
Step 1: Balance the equation.
Al + HCl → AlCl3 + H2
2Al + 3Cl2(g) → 2AlCl3(s)
How to determine the limiting reactant?
Step 2: Find the Molar Mass.
Al- 1x26.98g/mol
Cl- 2x35.45= 70.90g/mol
AlCl3=(1x26.98g/mol)+(3x35.45)=133.33g/mol
How to determine the limiting reactant?
Step 3: Calculate the amount of product that each reactant
could make to determine the limiting reactant and excess
reactant.
2.80g Al x 1 mol Al x 1 mol AlCl3 x 133.33AlCl3
26.98g Al 2 mol Al 1 mol AlCl3
= 6.92g AlCl3
How to determine the limiting reactant?
2.80g Al x 1 mol Al x 1 mol AlCl3 x 133.33AlCl3
26.98g Al 2 mol Al 1 mol AlCl3
= 6.92g AlCl3
4.25gCl2 x 1mol Cl2 x 1mol AlCl3 x 133.33 AlCl3
70.90g mol 3 molCl2 1mol AlCl3
=2.66g AlCl3
How to determine the limiting reactant?
Compare!
Al= 6.92g AlCl3
Cl2=2.66g AlCl3
NOTE: The one that gives the lesser value is the
limiting reactant!
Example 2:
Simon combined 225g of Mg and 135g
of N2 to produce MG3N2. Determine the
limiting reactant and excess reactant.
ACTIVITY!
Direction: Determine the limiting reactant and excess
reactant in the given reaction.
In a reaction vessel, 15g of N2 and 4.00g of H2
where allowed to react to form ammonia.
QUIZ TIME!
Direction: Solve the following equation to determine the
limiting reactant.
1.AlCl3 was recovered after the reaction between 2.80g of Al
and 4.5g of Cl2. Determine the limiting reactant and excess
reactant.
2.In a reaction, 7.3g of Cs3 reacts to 5.00g of N2 to form
Cs3N. Which reactant is the limiting reactant and excess
reactant?