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    Pathogenesis of Thyroidal Swelling

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    B NAVEEN
    The document summarizes the pathogenesis of different types of thyroid swelling. [1] Simple goiter can develop due to stimulation of the thyroid gland by TSH from a pituitary microadenoma or in response to low thyroid hormone levels, often caused by iodine deficiency. [2] Graves' disease occurs when antibodies stimulate the TSH receptor, causing hyperthyroidism and thyroid swelling. [3] Hashimoto's thyroiditis involves lymphocyte-mediated destruction of thyroid follicles, leading to permanent hypothyroidism and goiter.

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    Pathogenesis of Thyroidal Swelling

    Uploaded by

    B NAVEEN
    19 views14 pages
    The document summarizes the pathogenesis of different types of thyroid swelling. [1] Simple goiter can develop due to stimulation of the thyroid gland by TSH from a pituitary microadenoma or in response to low thyroid hormone levels, often caused by iodine deficiency. [2] Graves' disease occurs when antibodies stimulate the TSH receptor, causing hyperthyroidism and thyroid swelling. [3] Hashimoto's thyroiditis involves lymphocyte-mediated destruction of thyroid follicles, leading to permanent hypothyroidism and goiter.

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    Pathogenesis of thyroidal swelling

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    The document summarizes the pathogenesis of different types of thyroid swelling. [1] Simple goiter can develop due to stimulation of the thyroid gland by TSH from a pituitary microadenoma or in response to low thyroid hormone levels, often caused by iodine deficiency. [2] Graves' disease occurs when antibodies stimulate the TSH receptor, causing hyperthyroidism and thyroid swelling. [3] Hashimoto's thyroiditis involves lymphocyte-mediated destruction of thyroid follicles, leading to permanent hypothyroidism and goiter.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views14 pages

    Pathogenesis of Thyroidal Swelling

    Uploaded by

    B NAVEEN
    The document summarizes the pathogenesis of different types of thyroid swelling. [1] Simple goiter can develop due to stimulation of the thyroid gland by TSH from a pituitary microadenoma or in response to low thyroid hormone levels, often caused by iodine deficiency. [2] Graves' disease occurs when antibodies stimulate the TSH receptor, causing hyperthyroidism and thyroid swelling. [3] Hashimoto's thyroiditis involves lymphocyte-mediated destruction of thyroid follicles, leading to permanent hypothyroidism and goiter.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    PATHOGENESIS OF THYROID

    SWELLING

    By
    Maria Sahaya Leora.R
    Mishpa.Y S
    Mogal Alsheefa Sulthana
    Thyroid Enlargement

    The normal thyroid gland is impalpable.


    The term goitre is used to describe generalized enlargement of
    the thyroid gland
    A discrete swelling in one lobe with no palpable abnormality
    elsewhere is termed an isolated swelling
    Discrete swellings with evidence of abnormality elsewhere in
    the gland are termed dominant
    Pathogenesis of thyroid swelling in simple goitre

    ❑ Simple goitre may develop as a result of stimulation of the


    thyroid gland by TSH,either as result of inappropriate
    secretions from a microadenoma in the anterior pituitary or
    in response to a level of circulating throid hormones
    ❑ Iodine deficiency plays a major role here
    ❑ Dyshormonogenesis
    ❑ goitrogens
    Pathogenesis of thyroid swelling in Graves disease
    ❑ In patients with graves disease TSH works on the Tsh receptor
    ❑ This leads to the release of T3 and T4
    ❑ These patients have a autoantibody known as long acting thyroid
    stimulator
    ❑ The LATS stimulates the TSH receptor
    ❑ Secretion of T3 and T4 increases as the TSH receptor is stimulated
    ❑ This causes feedback inhibition of TSH
    ❑ Hence the thyroid profile of patients with Graves disease is increased
    T3,T4 and decreased TSH
    ❑ Hence the patients have thyroidal swelling with hyperthyroidism
    Pathogenesis of Hashimoto thyroiditis

    ❑ There is conversion of thyroid tissue into lymphoid tissue


    ❑ The major problem is that there is CD4 mediated CD8
    ❑ Because of this there is permanent destruction of thyroid
    follicles
    ❑ The permanent destruction of thyroid follicles leads to
    permanent hypothyroidism with thyroidal enlargement
    Pathogenesis of thyroid swelling in multinodular goitre
    Neoplasm

    ❑Benign tumours are rare and can be either papillary adenoma or


    follicular adenoma .
    They present as solitary nodule.

    ❑Malignant tumour are follicular ,papillary,medullary,anaplastic.


    Papillary carcinoma
    ❑It is made of colloid filled follicles with papillary projections.
    ❑In some cases calcific lesions are found called psammoma bodies
    ❑Characteristic pale empty nuclei called orphan annie eye nuclei
    are seen .

    ❑It can present as cystic lesions and can be multifocal


    ❑Involving both lobes.
    Follicular carcinoma

    Typical features are capsular invasion ,angioinvasion.


    It is more aggressive tumour and spread mainly thorough
    blood into the bones
    Lungs,liver.
    Medullary carcinoma
    ● It arise from the parafollicular c cell.It has got a characteristic
    amyloid stroma
    ● These tumors are not TSH-dependent and do not take up
    radioactive iodine.
    ● It spread through lymphatics and blood.
    THANKYOU

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