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    Detregent 1

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    Rahmat Eko Sanjaya
    Oils and fats, also called triglycerides, are esters of glycerol and three fatty acid chains. They are important for storing chemical energy and are either liquids (oils) or solids (fats). Oils and fats can be hydrolyzed using an alkaline catalyst to produce glycerol and fatty acids. Soap is manufactured through the saponification of fats and oils with sodium hydroxide to form sodium salts of fatty acids. Detergents differ from soaps in that they contain sulfate or sulfonate groups instead of carboxylate groups and remain effective in hard water.

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    Detregent 1

    Uploaded by

    Rahmat Eko Sanjaya
    15 views48 pages
    Oils and fats, also called triglycerides, are esters of glycerol and three fatty acid chains. They are important for storing chemical energy and are either liquids (oils) or solids (fats). Oils and fats can be hydrolyzed using an alkaline catalyst to produce glycerol and fatty acids. Soap is manufactured through the saponification of fats and oils with sodium hydroxide to form sodium salts of fatty acids. Detergents differ from soaps in that they contain sulfate or sulfonate groups instead of carboxylate groups and remain effective in hard water.

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    Detregent1

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    Oils and fats, also called triglycerides, are esters of glycerol and three fatty acid chains. They are important for storing chemical energy and are either liquids (oils) or solids (fats). Oils and fats can be hydrolyzed using an alkaline catalyst to produce glycerol and fatty acids. Soap is manufactured through the saponification of fats and oils with sodium hydroxide to form sodium salts of fatty acids. Detergents differ from soaps in that they contain sulfate or sulfonate groups instead of carboxylate groups and remain effective in hard water.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    15 views48 pages

    Detregent 1

    Uploaded by

    Rahmat Eko Sanjaya
    Oils and fats, also called triglycerides, are esters of glycerol and three fatty acid chains. They are important for storing chemical energy and are either liquids (oils) or solids (fats). Oils and fats can be hydrolyzed using an alkaline catalyst to produce glycerol and fatty acids. Soap is manufactured through the saponification of fats and oils with sodium hydroxide to form sodium salts of fatty acids. Detergents differ from soaps in that they contain sulfate or sulfonate groups instead of carboxylate groups and remain effective in hard water.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 48

    Oils, Fats (Lipid)

    Liquid
    and Detergents
    solid

    Dr. Ravindra S. Shinde


    Dayanand Science College, Latur
    B.Sc- Second year (Sem-III)
    Sub: Chemistry
    Paper-VI: Organic chemistry
     Fats and oils are
     also called triglycerides.

     esters of glycerol + 3 FA
    Chemical structure.
    • Oils and fats – important for storing
    chemical energy in living things.
    • Oils are liquids – fats are solids.
    • Made from esters of propane-1,2,3,triol
    (glycerol) + long chain carboxylic acids
    RCOOH.

    H
    H-C-O-H
    H-C-O-H O
    H-O-C-(CH2)14CH3
    H-C-O-H
    H
    Propane-1,2,3-triol palmitic acid
    Source of Oils fats
    • Functions of Oils and fats
    Common fatty acids
    Types of triesters
    • Triesters
    H (triglycerides) –
    3 carboxylic
    H-C-O-R acids react with
    H-C-O-R’ triol.
    • Mixed triesters –
    H-C-O-R’’
    three acid
    H groups, not all
    alike often found
    in natural oils
    and fats.
    Fat facts!
    • Natural oils and fats are mixtures of
    triesters.
    • Can be split up by hydrolysis, heat
    with conc. NaOH.
    • Triester + NaOH  glycerol + sodium
    salt of acid
    • Basis of soap manufacture eg.
    “Palmolive”
    • Convert sodium salts to free acids by
    adding dil. HCl or other mineral acid.
    2.
    4. Hydrogenolysis
    Trans-esterification
    Ois and fats react with alcohol in presence of acidic or
    basic catalyst to form mixture of esters product
    Analysis of Oils and Fats
    Materials:
    1- Fats and oils (olive oil, coconut oil, sesame oil, and
    butter)
    2- Fat solvent (equal volumes of 95% ethanol and ether)
    3-Alcholic KOH (0.5 mol/liter)
    4-Reflux condenser.
    5-Boiling water bath.
    6-Phenolphethalein.
    7-Hydrochloric acid (0.5 mol/liter)
    8-Burettes (10 ml and 25 ml)
    9-Conical flasks (250ml)
    Phenolphthalein
    (Ph.ph)
    0.5mol/L
    HCL
    ml alcoholic KOH 25
    ml fat solvent 3
    ml fat 1

    Heat flask on a boiling water bath for 30 min.


    Leave to cool to room temperature
    Calculations:
    • The difference between the blank and the test
    reading gives the number of milliliters of KOH
    required to saponify 1g fat.
    • You can use this formula to calculate the
    saponification value:
    1ml (0.5 N HCl ) = 28.05 mg KOH
    ( B-T ) = S
    ■ Saponification value (S) =
    ( B-T ) x 28.05 = mg KOH/1g
    Wt. of fat (1g)
    Manufacture of Soap
    Difference Between Soap and Detergent
    Soaps Detergents
    Consist of a ‘-COONa’ group attached to Consist of a ‘-SO3Na’ group attached to a
    a fatty acid having a long alkyl chain. long alkyl chain.

    They are not effective in hard water and They do not lose their effectiveness in
    saline water hard water and saline water.

    Detergents containing a branched


    Soaps are completely biodegradable
    hydrocarbon chain are non-biodegradable
    They have a tendency to form sum in a
    These compounds do not form scum.
    hard water environment.
    They are derived from natural sources
    Detergents are synthetic derivatives.
    such as vegetable oils and animal fats.

    Soaps are environment-friendly products These compounds can form a thick foam
    since they are biodegradable. that causes the death of aquatic life.

    Examples of soaps: sodium palmitate and Examples of detergents: deoxycholic acid


    sodium stearate. and sodium lauryl sulfate.

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