Science,

Technology ,
and Nation -
Building
 LEARNING
OUTCOMES
At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to:

1. explain how early Filipinos applied scientific principles in their

daily living;

2. present government policies on science and technology and

explain their importance to the nation; and

3. discuss the role of science and technology in nation-building

Science, Technology, and
Nation - Building
PRE- COLONIAL PERIOD

COLONIAL PERIOD

POST- COLONIAL PERIOD

 PRE-
COLONIAL
PERIOD
 Pre- Colonial Period
Scientific and technological development in the Philippines began in the pre-
colonial period. Even before the Spaniards came to the Philippine islands,

Early Filipino settlers were already using certain plants and herbs as g
medicines.
Systems of farming and animal-raising were also implemented.

Moreover, early Filipinos had also developed different modes of transportation,

whether terrestrial or maritime.
 PRE - COLONIAL PERIOD
Science and technology in the Philippines had its beginnings
during the pre-colonial times. During this period, people used
herbal medicines Business: use of the alphabet, numbers,
weighing and measurement systems, and calendar. Farming,
building of ships, mining minerals and weaving for clothing were
the first skills developed by Filipinos for livelihood in some
cases, the techniques Filipino developed for livelihood purposes
resulted in majestic architectural design hat manage to attract
worldwide attention, a superb architectural design like the Banaue
Rice Terraces of Ifugao.
Banaue Rice Terraces
 PRE - COLONIAL PERIOD
Science and technology in the Philippines had its beginnings
during the pre-colonial times:

To facilitate trading Filipinos made use of writing, numerical,

measurement and calendar systems. Farming, fishing, mining and
weaving were the first livelihood skills developed by filipinos. In
some cases the techniques Filipinos develop for livelihood
purposes resulted in majestic architectural designs that managed
to attract worldwide attention like the Banaue ice tettaces of
ifugao. Banaue Rice Terraces
 During the Spanish Colonial Period
• science and technology developed through the establishment of formal education institutions
and the launching of scientific organizations.
• Schools were mandated to teach religion, mathematics, reading and
writing, music and arts and health and sanitation Medicine in biology was taught in different
educational and training institutions.
• Since agriculture was the major livelihood of Filipinos, the natives were trained to me
innovative approaches in farming.
• To construct buildings, churches, bridges, roads and forts engimeenng was mtroduced and
developed as well.
• This is why agriculture and industrial developments were during the latter part of the Spanish
eta Instead, trade was prioritized due to possible bigger profits.
COLONIAL
PERIOD
 COLONIAL PERIOD
COLONIZATION BY THE SPANIARDS
provided the Philippines with modern means of
construction. Walls, roads, bridges, and other large
infrastructures were built using some of the
engineering skills and tools brough by the Spaniards.
In addition, the Spanish government developed health
and educational systems that were enjoyed by the
principalia class.
 COLONIAL PERIOD
The AMERICAN OCCUPATION modernized almost all
aspects of life in the Philippines. They established a
government agency, the Bureau of Science, for the sole
purpose of nurturing development in the field of science and
technology. Science during the American period was
inclined towards agriculture, food processing, medicine and
pharmacy. Moreover, they established public educational
system and improved the engineering works and the health
conditions of the people.
 COLONIAL PERIOD
When the Americans came:
Instiminons for sesence and technology were recognized as well. For example, the former Laboratorio Manepal
was replaced by the Bureau of Goverment Laborarorter under the United states department of interior The
Bureau was established for the purpose of studying tropical diseases and pursuing other related research projects.
Eventually in 1905, the Bureau was changed to the Bureau of Science, which became the main research center
for the philippines.

In 1933:
The national research council of the Philippines was established. Developments in science and technology during
the American regiune wete focused in agricultue, medicine and pharmacy, food processing and forestry

In 1946:
The bureau of science was replaced by the institute of science
 POST -
COLONIAL
PERIOD
 POST-COLONIAL PERIOD

One of the presidents who ushered in

advancements in science and technology was
FORMER PRESIDENT FERDINAND
MARCOS. Under his term, many agencies in
science and technology were established and
strengthened.
 POST-COLONIAL PERIOD

One of the presidents who ushered in advancements in science and technology

was former president Ferdinand Marcos. Under his term, many agencies in
science and technology were established and strengthened, including the
Philippines.
 In 1933:
• The national research council of the Philippines was established
Developments in science and technology during the American
regune were focused in agriculture, medicme and pharmacy food
processing and forestry
I
In 1946:
The bureau of science was replaced by the institute of science.
 POST -COLONIAL PERIOD
The Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration (PAGASA) in place of the abolished
Weather Bureau; the National Academy of Science and Technology
(NAST); and the reconstituted National Science and Technology
Authority (originally established in 1958 as the National Science
and Development Board and now the Department of Science and
Technology), among others. Marcos saw that key to nation
building is the continued development of science and technology.
The progress in science and technology continued even after his
presidency which left a legacy in this particular field.
• During the time of former President Ferdinand Marcos

• The role of science and technology in national development was emphasized

• He mandated the Department of Education and Culture now known as the Departmear of
Education (DepEd) to promote science couries in public high schools.

• An additional budget for research projects in applied sciences and sesence education was granted
by marcos.

• A big chunk of the war damage fund from the Japanese was donated to private universities in
colleges for the creation of science and technology related-courses and to promote research
•The 35 hectare lot in Bicutan. Taguig was proclaimed in 1965 as the Philippine Science
Commmvanty, now the site of the Department Of Science and Technology (DOST)

•Seminars, workshops, training programs and scholarships on fisheries and oceanography were also
sponsored by the government during Marcos presidency.

•The Philippine coconut research institute (PHILCORIN) was tasked to promote the modernization
of the coconut industry.

• Several agencies and organizations where then established:

• Philippine Textile Research Institute
• Philippine atomic energy commission (now the Philippine
• Nuclear Institute) National Grams Authority (now the National Food Authority)
• Philippine Council for Agricultural Research (now the
• Philippine Council for Agriculnue, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and
Development)
• Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical
• Services Administration (PAGASA)
• Philippine National Oil Company
• Plant Breeding Institute
• International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
• Bureau of Plant Industry
• Bureau of Forest Products
• National Committee on Geological Sciences
 • The National Science Development Board (NSDB) was reorganized as the
National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA) in 1981.
• In 1976, Marcos established the national academy of science and technology
(NAST) to be the reservoir of scientific and technological enterprise in the
country.
S

• Salary increases for teachers and administrators at the Philippine Science

High School were granted and the mindanao and visayas. campuses of the
Philippine Science High School were established during Marcos' time.
In 1986, under President Corazon Aquino:

• NSTA was renamed the DOST This was done in order for the science and
techmology sector to be represented in the cabinet and thus play an integral
role in the country's sustainable economic recovery and growth. The science
and technology master plan penned by DOST aims to update the production
sector, improve research achyshes and develop infrastructures for the
science and teclmology sector
In 1986, under President Corazon Aquino:
• The Philippines had approximately 3.000 competent scientists and engineers.
The "Doctors to the Barrio "program made healthcare accessible even in the far-flung areas in the country

• Incentives were given to the people who played significant roles in the science and technology sector.

The National Program of Gifted Filipino children in science and technology was created for high school students who
wanted to major in science and engineering in college.

• It was also during Ramon's term that the number of loss and statutes related to the science and technology sector
where mandated such as RA 8439: Magna Carta for Scientist Engineers, Researchers and other Science and Technology
personnel in government, RA 7687: Science and Technology Scholarship Act of 1994; RA 7459. Inventors and
Inventions incentives act, and RA 8293: The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines.
In 1987 during the Presidency of Fidel
Ramos:
•The Philippines had approximately 3.000 competent scientists and engineers.

•The "Doctors to the Barrio program made bealthcare accessible even in the
far-flung areas in the country.

•Incentives were given to the people who plaved significant roles in the science
and teclmology sector.
In 1987 during the Presidency of Fidel
Ramos:
•The National Program of Gifted Filipino children in science and technology was
created for high school students who wanted to majer in science and engineering in
college.

•It was also during Ramon's tena that the number of loss and statutes related to the
science and technology sector where mandated such as RA 8439, Magna Carta for
Scientist Engineers, Researchers and other Science and Technology personnel in
govmment. RA 7687. Science and Technology Scholarship Act of 1994: RA 7459
Inventors and Inventions incentives act, and RA 8293. The Intellectual Property Code
of the Philippines .
 During the term of President Joseph
Estrada:

•RA 8749 the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 and RA 8792

•Electronic Commerce act of 2000 were both signed and mandated during the
term of President Estrada.

•He was also responsible for implemruting cost effective irigation techmologies
in providing basic health care services for those who could not afford them.
During the administration of President
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo:
•The science and technology sector was developed to strengthen the education
system and to address poverty. The term Filiptinovarton was coined to refer to
the Philippines as an innovation lub in asia

•Arroyo also promulgated RA 9567. Biofuels Act, to utilize indigenous

materials as sources of energy. However, the act was not able to produce
positive outcomes because of the lack of technology to source new materials.
 In 2014 President Benigno Aquino III:

Named the new National Scientist, namely, Gavimo C.

Trono, for Marine Biology. Angel C Alcala, for
Biological Science, Ramon C Barba, for Horticulture
and Edgardo D. Gomez, also for Marine Biology
GAVINO C. ANGEL C. RAMON C. EDGARDO D.
TRONO ALCALA BARBA GOMEZ
Today in the administration of President
Rodrigo Duterte:

•The science and technology sector is seen to be a priority based on the

budget for research and development (R&D) that grew by nearly six times
over the same period

•Forumulation of programs and policies that will and in shaping the country
is backed up by President Duterte. The focus of DOST is to put the results
of R&D and commercialization in order to gain you intellectual properties
Today in the administration of President
Rodrigo Duterte:
•Currently the Philippines has the Philippmas Space Tachnology
Program which launched the Diwate 2 to 2018 after the launch of
Dewata 1 in 2016 that displayed the Philippine flag in space

•Besides space technology, the current administration also gives

importance to agriculture and disaster preparedness.
Science and Technology in the Philippines and the
Environment
•Science and technology have numerous contributions to society

•The mechanization of farming, for instance, is necessary fos agriculture being the
mumber one source of food production.

•Agricultural development needs to cope with the rapidly and exponentially growing
population.

•Tools such as water pumps and sprukders help in managing the damaging effects of
extreme beat caused by climate change and сrops
Science and Technology in the Philippines and the
Environment
•Science and technology have also made it possible to produce genetically modified crops
which grow faster and more resistant to pests.

•Fertilizers that increase matrients in the sod enhances the growth of the crops and produce
high quality yields. However, many researchers show that genetically modified crops and
fertilizers made from strong chemicals are not environmentally-fnendly.

•Science and technology has unproved transportation by land, air and sea
 Science and Technology in the Philippines and the
Environment
•Communication is also improved technologically with the untermet and the rise of social
media information is transferred easily and rapidly through technological developments.
ways of learning also changed.

•Learning management systems wed in education are now accessible through computers,
mobile phones, tablets and other gadgets.

•Online learning has also become popular in various disciplines like mathematics, physics,
biology, geography, economics and others.
 Science and Technology in the Philippines and the
Environment
•These contributions of science and technology, howesus, always come with adverse
impacts especially in the environment.
•The increating manber of new and advanced techmologies in the production and
manufacture of different goods and services results im depletion of the earth's natinal
resources.
•Waste is also generated as these technologies are developed.
• People have also become too dependent on science and technology, making them
disregard its consequences that may be damaging to the environment
 The team

Miles Alaton Crasia E. Bagacay

Thank you