BASIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

AND HEALTH
Module 2: Principle of Industrial
Hygiene
Principle of Industrial
Hygiene

Course Learning Outcome

Familiarize with the emergency and controls of
exposure to undesirable industrial hygiene
Topic Learning Outcomes
Recognizes, evaluates and controls of
workplace environmental factors that causes
sickness, ill-health and well-beings.
 Principle of Industrial Hygiene
Definition – Science and art devoted to the anticipation,
recognition, evaluation, and control of those workplace
environmental factors which may cause sickness,
impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort
and inefficiency among workers or among citizens of the
community.
Some Occupational Hazards: (Ref.: www.ocw.jhsph.edu
/courses)
Chemical agents – Gases, vapors and particulate
aerosols Physical (energy) agents – Noise, ionizing / non-
ionizing radiation, heat and cold stress Biological agents –
Infectious agents, allergens Psychological stressors
Ergonomic/safety
 Principle of Industrial Hygiene

Industrial Hygiene Concepts

 Anticipation/recognition of potential or actual
hazards through knowledge of:
– Materials – Operations
– Processes – Conditions
 Scope of IH activities encompasses the
“cradle-to-grave” concept (research through
waste disposal).
 Principle of Industrial Hygiene
 Evaluation of environmental factors
through:
– Measurement of exposure intensity
– Determination of exposure frequency,
and duration
– Comparison with regulatory,
professional, and internal standards
– Judgement: weigh all factors
 Principle of Industrial Hygiene

Control of Exposures
Employ methods to eliminate or reduce
exposure resulting in elimination or reduction of
the occurrence of occupational disease through:
– Engineering (including process)
interventions
– Administrative/programmatic measures
– Personal protective equipment
Principle of Industrial Hygiene
Exposure - Definitions and Concepts
 Contact between outer boundary of the human body
(skin, nose, lungs, GI tract) and a pollutant or mixture
of pollutants.
 Requires the presence of a pollutant and the contact
between the person and that medium (vs. potential
exposure).
 Quantified by concentration of the contaminant and
the time of contact.
Risk Assessment
 Risk assessment is usually considered to be an
environmental term, but it is an essential part of the
industrial hygiene profession.
 Broadly defined as the methodology that predicts the
likelihood of unwanted events (explosions, injuries,
 Principle of Industrial Hygiene

Risk Assessment
 Risk assessment is usually considered to be an
environmental term, but it is an essential part of
the industrial hygiene profession.
 Broadly defined as the methodology that
predicts the likelihood of unwanted events
(explosions, injuries, natural catastrophes,
diseases, death)
 Principle of Industrial Hygiene
Risk Assessment : Comparison of Terminology

Industrial Hygiene Environmental

Application and Hazard identification
Recognition
Evaluation Exposure and toxicity
assessment and risk
characterization
Control Risk Management
Hazard Communication Risk Communication
Principle of Industrial
Hygiene
 Principle of Industrial
Hygiene

Overview of Control Options:

• Elimination or Reduction – Change of
Technology
• Substitution – Replacement w/less
hazardous
• Change of Form – Alteration of the
physical state or particle size
• Wet Methods – Use of water to reduce /
eliminate.
• Material Handling – Use of equipment /
mechanical techniques.
 Principle of Industrial
Hygiene
Government regulations on COVID – 19
PANDEMIC
DTI and DOLE INTERIM GUIDELINES ON
WORKPLACE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
COVID-19
A. Increase physical and mental resilience
B. Reducing transmission of Covid – 19
• Entry procedures
• Inside the workplace
• Minimize contact rate
• Reducing the risk of infection from COVID 19
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
BASIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH
Module 2a: Personal Protective

Equipment (PPE)
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Employees will be issued PPE to protect them from
workplace hazards that cannot be eliminated or reduced
to an acceptable level by other controls.
DOLE OSH Standards Rule No. 1080 – Personal
Protective Equipment
All personal protective equipment shall be of the approved
design and construction appropriate for the exposure and
the work to be performed.
The employer shall be responsible for the adequacy and
proper maintenance of personal protective equipment
used in his workplace.
No person shall be subjected or exposed to a hazardous
environmental condition without protection.
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Hazard Assessment (Ref; FDIP HSE Practices)
At the start of a new project/site or maintenance
operation, a hazard assessment will be performed to
determine hazards that require the use of PPE. This
assessment is designed to identify potential hazards to
foot, head, eye, face, and hand.
Hazards should be identified and noted during the
walkthrough. Where hazards exist, identify the type,
level of risk, and seriousness of potential for injury for
each hazard. Review hazards identified and consider
the use of guards or engineering controls that will
eliminate or minimize the hazards. For remaining
hazards, select PPE based on the degree of protection
required for the hazard and the protection provided by
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
DOLE OSH Standards Rule no.1083 : Respiratory
Protection:
The primary corrective measure in the control of
occupational diseases caused by harmful, dusts, fogs,
fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays or vapors shall be to
prevent atmospheric contamination. This shall be
accomplished through the use or application of accepted
engineering control measures, like enclosure or
confinement of the operation, general and local ventilation
and substitution of less toxic materials or a combination of
these. When effective engineering control measures are
not feasible or while they are in process of being
instituted, appropriate respirators shall be used.
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment Applications:

Eye and face protection Head protection & Foot

Protection
Hand and Arm Protection Respiratory protection
Fall Protection Protection from
electrical shocks
Hair Protection
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
RULE 1080
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
AND DEVICES
1081.01: Every employer as defined in 1002
(1) Shall at his own expense furnish his workers with protective
equipment for the eyes, face, hands and feet, protective shields
and barriers whenever necessary by reason of the hazardous
nature of the process or environment, chemical or radiological or
other mechanical irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or
impairment in the function of any part of the body through
absorption, inhalation or physical contact.
(2) Deduction for the loss or damage of personal protective
equipment shall be governed by Article 114, Book III, Labor Code
of the Philippines, and Section 14, Rule VIII, Book III, Omnibus
Rules Implementing the Labor Code.
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
RULE 1080 : PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND DEVICES
1083.05: Selecting of Respirators
(1) For purposes of proper selection, design, construction, testing
and use of respirators, the American National Standards Practices
for Respiratory Protection (ANSI z88.-21059) is adopted.
1083.06: Use of Respirators
• Standard procedures shall be developed for the use of
respirators
• Written procedures shall be prepared covering safe use of
respirators in dangerous atmospheres that might be
encountered in normal operations or in emergencies
• Workers in enclosed toxic or oxygen-deficient atmosphere shall
be assisted in case of accident by at least one additional worker
stationed in an area unaffected by the Incident and provided
with proper rescue equipment to assist the other(s) in case of
• emergency.
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
RULE 1080 : PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND DEVICES
1083.06: Use of Respirators
Persons using air line respirators in atmospheres hazardous to life
or health, shall Be equipped with safety harnesses and safety lines
for lifting or removing persons from hazardous atmospheres or
other equivalent provisions for the rescue of persons.
A standby man or men with suitable self-contained breathing
apparatus shall be at the nearest fresh air base for emergency
rescue.
1086: Safety Belts, Life Lines and Safety Nets
Workmen working in unguarded surface above open pits or
tanks, steep slopes, moving machinery and similar
locations, or working from unguarded surfaces six (6)
meters (20 ft.) or more above water or ground, temporary
or permanent floor platform, scaffold construction or where
otherwise exposed to the possibility of falls hazardous to
life or limb, shall be secured by safety belts and life lines.
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
RULE 1080 : PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND DEVICES
1086: Safety Belts, Life Lines and Safety Nets
In situations where safety belts and life lines in guarded
platforms and scaffolds or temporary floors are not feasible,
safety nets shall be provided and installed.
Requirements
(1) Safety belts shall be made of chromed tanned leather, linen or
cotton webbing, or other suitable materials at least 11.5 cm. (4 1/2
in.) wide and 0.65 cm. (1/4 in.) thick and of sufficient strength to
support a weight of 114 kgs. (250 lbs.) without breaking.
(2) Hardware used for safety belts should have a strength of
approximately equal to the full strength of the waist band. Buckles
shall hold securely without slippage or other failure. This holding
power should be achieved by only a single insertion of the strap
through the buckle in the normal or usual way.