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Soil Dynamics

This document discusses soil dynamics and provides definitions of key terms. It introduces soil dynamics as the study of how soil behaves under dynamic loads such as earthquakes, bomb blasts, and heavy machinery. These dynamic loads can cause issues like increased settlements and foundation tilting. The document then defines important vibration concepts like natural frequency, forcing frequency, resonance, damping, and principal/normal modes of vibration. It explains that soil dynamics is important for engineers to understand seismic ground movements, foundations for vibrating structures, and how dynamic loads impact bearing capacity and settlements.

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22 views32 pages

Soil Dynamics

This document discusses soil dynamics and provides definitions of key terms. It introduces soil dynamics as the study of how soil behaves under dynamic loads such as earthquakes, bomb blasts, and heavy machinery. These dynamic loads can cause issues like increased settlements and foundation tilting. The document then defines important vibration concepts like natural frequency, forcing frequency, resonance, damping, and principal/normal modes of vibration. It explains that soil dynamics is important for engineers to understand seismic ground movements, foundations for vibrating structures, and how dynamic loads impact bearing capacity and settlements.

Uploaded by

nishantregonda564
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Soil Dynamics

Instructor: Dr. Raghuram


Introduction

• Most of geotechnical and foundation design is based


on the soil’s behavior under static
loads.
• Important structures, however, require that highly
competent engineers know how to analyze
structures under complex dynamic loads.
Examples of these dynamic loads

• Earthquakes.
• The effects from bomb blasts.
• Operation of very heavy or unbalanced machinery,
mining, construction (such
as pile driving, deep dynamic compaction, etc), heavy traffic,
wind and wave actions.
Ground motions result in increased settlements, and
tilting of the foundations.
Why study soil dynamics?

• The most common problems that engineers encounter in the field


of soil dynamics include:
• Seismic induced ground movements and wave propagation;
• Foundations for heavy or vibrating machinery;
• The changes of the bearing capacity of foundations under
dynamic loads;
• The change in load capacity of deep foundations under dynamic
loads;
• The changes of settlement due to dynamic loads;
Definitions
Vibrations: If the motion of the body is oscillatory in character, it is called vibration.

Degrees of Freedom: The no. of independent coordinates required to define the position of a system during vibration.

Periodic motion: If motion repeats itself at regular intervals, it is called periodic motion.

Free vibration: If a system vibrates without an external force, then it is said to undergo free vibration.

Forced vibration: Vibrations are developed by externally applied exciting forces.

Natural frequency: It is the number of free oscillations made by the system in a unit time.

Forcing frequency: This refers to the periodicity of the external forces which acts on the system during forced vibrations.

Frequency ratio: The ratio of the forcing frequency and the natural frequency of the system.
Definitions
Amplitude of the motion: The maximum displacement of a vibrating body from the mean position.

Time period: Time taken to complete one cycle of vibration.

Resonance: A system having “n” degrees of freedom has “n” natural frequencies. If the frequency of the excitation
coincides with any one of the natural frequencies of the system, the condition resonance occurs. The amplitudes of motion
are very excessive at resonance.

Damping: All vibration systems offer resistance to motion due to their own inherent properties. This resistance is called
damping force and it depends on the condition of vibration, material, and type of system.
Principal modes of vibration :
In a principal mode, each point in the system vibrates
with the same frequency. The vibration of a multi degree
freedom system can always be represented by the
superposition of principal modes.
Fundamental frequency : the lowest frequency among the principal
(=the frequency of the first mode) modes of the vibrating system
• Normal mode of vibrations : when the amplitude of
some point of the system vibrating in one of the principal
modes is made equal to unity(i.e. normalized), the
motion is called the normal mode of vibration.
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

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