Module 2: Fundamentals of Java
Language
Object Oriented Programming(Java)
BASIC STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS
class HelloWorld{
public static void main(String args[ ]){
System.out.println(“Hello World”);
}
}
class HelloWorld – defines a class, a template
for an object of derived type HelloWorld
public – access specifier/modifier, the main
method is declared public so that it is accessible
as part of the public interface of the program
BASIC STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS
static – state of the method, it is static
because it must be called before the class that
hosts the method is instantiated
void – It returns void because the Java
interpreter does not expect to receive or
process any output from the class
JAVA LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTALS
System.out.println – The println method is
one of dozens of methods in the System class.
The System class is a part of the core Java
language package of the Application
Programming Interface (API)
JAVA LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTALS
Identifiers
Keywords
Comments
Data types
JAVA LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTALS
Identifiers are names that are given by the
programmer as name of variables, methods or
functions, classes etc. The name used as an
identifier must follow the following rules in
Java™ technology:
Each character is either a digit, letter,
underscore or currency symbol.
First character cannot be a digit.
The identifier name must not be a reserved
word.
JAVA LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTALS
Java keywords are reserved and cannot be used as identifiers.
abstract do import return void
boolean double instance of short volatile
break else int static while
byte extends interface super
case final long switch
catch finally native synchronized
char float new this
class for package throws
const goto private transient
continue if protected try
default public implements
JAVA LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTALS
Java Comments are of three (3) types:
1. A single-line comment starting with //
2. A multi-line comment enclosed within /* */
3. A documentation or javadoc comment is
enclosed between /** and */. These comments can
be used to generate HTML documents using the
javadoc utility, which is part of Java language
comment
JAVA LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTALS
Java Data Types
Primitive Data Types
Type Width (in bytes) Min Value Max Value
byte 1 -128 127
short 2 -32768 32767
int 4 -2147483648 21474833647
long 8 Long.MIN_VALUE Long.MAX_VALUE
float 4 Float.MIN_VALUE Float.MAX_VALUE
double 8 Double.MIN_VALUE Double.MAX_VALUE
boolean (1 bit) true false
char 2 (unsigned) ‘\u0000’ ‘\uFFFF’
JAVA LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTALS
Java Data Types
Derived Data Types
String
Date
Integer
Double
Long
Float
…
JAVA LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTALS
Variables
Variable Declaration
Syntax: <datatype> <varName>; [=
value;]
Example: String name;
int age;
double price = 55.66;
Assigning a value
Syntax: <varName> = value;
Example: name = “Maria Blanco”;
age = 22;
price = 200.50;
JAVA LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTALS
Wrapper Classes
Java Wrapper Classes are used in
converting
one data type (such as a String) into
another
data type (such as int or double). It is also
used in wrapping a primitive value into an
object.
JAVA LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTALS
Wrapper Class Primitive Type
Integer int
Float float
Double double
Long long
Byte byte
Short short
Character char
Boolean boolean
