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Lecture 1 Introduction PP

Here are three major problems requiring supercomputing for each domain: Structural Mechanics: 1. Simulating aerodynamic forces on aircraft and vehicles 2. Modeling stresses in large civil engineering projects like bridges and buildings 3. Simulating impact events like collisions Computational Biology: 1. Protein structure prediction to aid drug discovery 2. Simulating cell behavior for disease research 3. Analyzing gene sequencing data to understand genetics Commercial Applications: 1. Rendering complex 3D graphics for movies/video games 2. Analyzing large datasets for machine learning applications 3. Simulating natural phenomena for weather forecasting

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28 views

Lecture 1 Introduction PP

Here are three major problems requiring supercomputing for each domain: Structural Mechanics: 1. Simulating aerodynamic forces on aircraft and vehicles 2. Modeling stresses in large civil engineering projects like bridges and buildings 3. Simulating impact events like collisions Computational Biology: 1. Protein structure prediction to aid drug discovery 2. Simulating cell behavior for disease research 3. Analyzing gene sequencing data to understand genetics Commercial Applications: 1. Rendering complex 3D graphics for movies/video games 2. Analyzing large datasets for machine learning applications 3. Simulating natural phenomena for weather forecasting

Uploaded by

wardabibi69
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Parallel Processing (CS417)

by
Nazia Shahzadi
[email protected]
Lecturer (FCSE)
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute,
Topi, KPK, Pakistan
Office Hours
• Monday-Friday (8:00 AM – 5:00 PM)
• Office
• New Academic Block (NAB), Second Floor -S03
Reference Material
• Text books
• Introduction to Parallel Computing (2nd Edition) by Ananth Grama, George Karypis, Vipin
Kumar and Anshul Gupta
• References
• Fundamentals of Parallel Processing by Harry F. Jordan & Gita Alaghband
• Parallel Programming (2nd Edition) by Barry Wilkinson and Michael Allen
• Parallel and Distributed Handbook by Albert Y. H. Zomaya
• McGraw-Hill Series on Computer Engineering
Grading Policy
•Presentations 10%
•Assignments 10%
•Quizzes 10%
• Mid-term 30%
•Final 40%
*Note: This can be changed without any notice.
Background
• Architecture
• –Von Neumann
• Languages
• –Turing Machine (Imperative Languages)
• C++, Java
• –Lambda Calculus (Functional Languages)
• –Boolean Algebra (Logical Languages)
Serial Computing

• Traditionally, software has been written for serial computation:


• A problem is broken into a discrete series of instructions
• Instructions are executed sequentially one after another
• Executed on a single processor
• Only one instruction may be executed at any moment in time

Fig1. How does Serial Computing work?


Parallel Processing
• Parallel computing is the simultaneous use of multiple computing resources to
solve a computational problem:
• A problem is broken into discrete parts that can be solved concurrently
• Each part is further broken down into a series of instructions
• Instructions from each part execute simultaneously on different processors
• An overall control/coordination mechanism is employed

How does Parallel Computing work?


Parallel Processors
• SUN
• Niagra
• Intel
• Intel® Xeon® Processor 5000
• AMD
• Quad-Core AMD Opteron™ Processor
Why Use Parallel Computing?
• The Real World Is Massively Complex
• In the natural world, many complex, interrelated events are happening at the same time.
• Compared to serial computing, parallel computing is much better suited for modeling,
simulating, and understanding complex, real-world phenomena.
• For example, imagine modeling these serially:

Real world phenomena can be simulated with


parallel computing
Main Reasons for Using Parallel
Processing
• SAVE TIME AND/OR MONEY
• In theory, throwing more resources at a task will shorten its time to
completion, with potential cost savings.
• Parallel computers can be built from cheap, commodity components.

Working in parallel shortens


the completion time
Main Reasons for Using Parallel
Processing
• SOLVE LARGER / MORE COMPLEX PROBLEMS
• Many problems are so large and/or complex that it is impractical or impossible to solve them
using a serial program, especially given limited computer memory.
• Example: Web search engines/databases processing millions of transactions every second

increasingly complex problems


Parallel computing can solve
Who Is Using Parallel Computing?
• Science and Engineering
• Atmosphere, Earth, Environment
• Physics
• Bioscience, Biotechnology, Genetics
• Geology, Seismology
• Computer Science, Mathematics

Parallel computing is key to simulating a range of complex


physical phenomena
Industrial and Commercial Applications
• "Big Data," databases
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Oil exploration
• Web search engines, web-based business services
• Medical imaging and diagnosis

Parallel computing is used in many commercial applications


Home work
• List three major problems requiring supercomputing in the following domains:
• Structural Mechanics
• Computational Biology
• Commercial Applications

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