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Introduction to Database System

Lecturer: Esmatullah Sabet

Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
 About Course
 What is the purpose of this course?

 What you will be at the end of the course?

 What we will study in this course?

 What are other courses do you need to study to

complete this track?

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 What is the purpose of this course?

 The purpose of this course is in depth

understanding about managing and maintaining

database we will also study about different

ways to retrieve data from database as well as

about taking backup and recovery techniques

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 What you will be at the end of the
course?

 At the end of this course you will able to

manage and maintain big databases and can

start working as a DBA (Database

Administrator).

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 Database definitions
Definition 1
A shared collection of logically related data, designed to meet the
information needs of multiple users in an organization.

Definition 2
A collection of data: part numbers, product codes, customer
information, etc. It usually refers to data organized and stored on a
computer that can be searched and retrieved by a computer
program

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 Difference between Database and Database
Management System

The database is the collection of data about anything, could be

anything.
Like cricket teams, students, busses, movies, personalities, stars,
seas, buildings, furniture, lab equipment, hobbies, hotels, pets,
countries, and many more anything about which you want to store
data.

What we mean by data; simply the facts or figures.

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 Difference between Database and Database
Management System

The database management system (DBMS), on the other hand is the

software or tool that is used to manage the database and its users.

So a DBMS is collection of different programs but they all work

jointly to manage the data stored in the database and its users.

So database is collection of data, DBMS is tool to manage this data,

and both jointly are called database system

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 Databases and Traditional File Processing
Systems

Traditional file processing system or simple file processing system

refers to the first computer-based approach of handling the
commercial or business applications.
That is why it is also called a replacement of the manual file system.
Before the use of computers, the data in the offices or business was
maintained in the files (well in that perspective some offices may still
be considered in the pre-computer age).
Obviously, it was laborious, time consuming, inefficient, especially in
case of large organizations

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 Databases and Traditional File Processing
Systems
Characteristics of the traditional file processing system environment
have been discussed briefly here
File Processing System

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 Advantages of Database Approach

Data Sharing
Controlled Redundancy
Data Independence
Better Data Integrity

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 Major DBMS

 Oracle  Microsoft Visual FoxPro

 DB2  MySQL
 Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise  PostgreSQL
 FileMaker  Progress
 Firebird  SQLite
 Ingres  Teradata
 Informix  CSQL
 Microsoft Access  Open Link Virtuoso
 Microsoft SQL Server

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 What other application do you need to
study?
 Desktop-Based Application
 Oracle doesn’t have Desktop version
 Visual Basic .Net
 Java etc.
 Web-Based Application
 Oracle Developer
 ASP .Net (VB)
 ASP .Net (C#)
 Java

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 Backend Application

 Oracle (Oracle corporation)

 SQL Server (Microsoft)

 Access (Microsoft) for small database

 Tera data (Tera data corporation ) etc

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 Difference between SQL Server and
Oracle
 Between Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle, one
would expect SQL Server to be the leader in the
database world and the preferred platform for
most companies
 Cost
 Performance
 Scalability
 Choice of Operating System Platform

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 The Oracle Software Environment

 Oracle database (Oracle DB) is a relational database management

system (RDBMS) from the Oracle Corporation
 Originally developed in 1977 by Lawrence Ellison and other
developers, Oracle DB is one of the most trusted and widely-used
relational database engines
 Oracle DB runs on most major platforms, including Windows,
UNIX, Linux and Mac OS. Different software versions are
available, based on requirements and budget.
 Oracle's relational database was the world's first to support the
Structured Query Language (SQL), now an industry standard

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 Oracle DB editions

Oracle DB editions are hierarchically broken down as

follows:
Enterprise Edition: Offers all features, including superior
performance and security, and is the most robust.
Standard Edition: Contains base functionality for users that do
not require Enterprise Edition’s robust package.
Express Edition (XE): The lightweight, free and limited
Windows and Linux edition
Oracle Lite: For mobile devices

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 Tools, SQL and the Oracle Database

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 Introducing the Structured Query Language (SQL)

 Structured Query Language (SQL) is the standard

language designed to access relational databases
 SQL is based on the groundbreaking work of Dr.
E.F.Codd, with the first implementation of SQL being
developed by IBM in the mid-1970s.
 IBM was conducting a research project known as
System R, and SQL was born from that project.
 SQL is now fully standardized and recognized by the
American National Standards Institute

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 There are five types of SQL statements:

 DRL (Data Retrieving Language)

 DML (Data manipulating language)
 DDL (Data Definition Language)
 DCL (Data Control Language)
 DTCL (Data Transactional Control Language)

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 DRL (Data Retrieving Language)

 Retrieve rows stored in database tables. You write a query using

the SQL SELECT statement

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 DML (Data manipulating language)

 Statements modify the contents of tables

• INSERT adds rows to a table.
• UPDATE changes rows.
• DELETE removes rows

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 DDL (Data Definition Language)

 statements are used to create users and tables, plus

many other types of structures in the database
 CREATE creates a database structure
• ALTER modifies a database structure
• DROP removes a database structure
• RENAME changes the name of a table.
• TRUNCATE deletes all the rows from a table.

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 DCL (Data Control Language)

 Statements change the permissions on database structures

 GRANT gives another user access to your database structures
 REVOKE prevents another user from accessing your database
structures

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 DTCL (Data Transactional Control Language)

 statements either permanently record any changes

made to rows, or undo those changes. There are three
TC statements.
 COMMIT permanently records changes made to rows.
 ROLLBACK undoes changes made to rows.
 SAVEPOINT sets a “save point” to which you can roll
back changes.

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 Any….?

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