Writing - Lesson 1

Line, Bar, Table

Task 1

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Table of 01
Materials
contents General Structure
Dynamic vs Static
Language for trends vs Language for Comparison
Introduction

02
Strategy
Overview - Body

03
Practice
Practice tasks
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MATERIALS
Lesson Preparation In-class
Self-study Correction
General Structure
Dynamic vs Static
Language for trends vs Language
for Comparison
Introduction
01
Materials
General Structure
Dynamic vs Static
Language for trends vs Language for
Comparison
Introduction

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Lesson
Preparation
 A. General Structure
Check-up 1.

Sample Structure
The chart gives information about UK immigration, emigration and net introduction : 1 sentence
Lesson Preparation

migration between 1999 and 2008. (Function): paraphrase

the question
Overall, both immigration and emigration rates rose over the period overview : 2 sentence
shown, but the figures for immigration were significantly higher. Net (Function): report (2-3)
migration peaked in 2004 and 2007. main features without
referencing any data

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 A. General Structure
Check-up 1.

Sample Structure
In 1999, over 450,000 people came to live in the UK, while the number of body paragraphs : 3-4 sentence
people who emigrated stood at just under 300,000. The figure for net (Function): report features in details
Lesson Preparation

migration was around 160,000, and it remained at a similar level until 2003. and make comparisons with data
From 1999 to 2004, the immigration rate rose by nearly 150,000 people, but
there was a much smaller rise in emigration. Net migration peaked at almost
250,000 people in 2004.

After 2004, the rate of immigration remained high, but the number of people
emigrating fluctuated. Emigration fell suddenly in 2007, before peaking at
about 420,000 people in 2008. As a result, the net migration figure rose to Don’t need a
around 240,000 in 2007, but fell back to around 160,000 in 2008. conclusion

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 General Structure
...................
Introduction ...................
Overview Body paragraphs
...................

1 sentence 1-2 sentences 3-4 sentences

Exam skill

Paraphrase Report data

question Overview

Describe
trends/changes
“1-2-3-4”
Make
comparisons
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 B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison
Check-up 2.
a.
Xu hướng Verbs Nouns
Tăng To increase, to go up, to rise, to grow, to climb, to An increase, a rise, a growth, an
jump (rise quickly), to soar (rise quickly), to upward trend
Lesson Preparation

rocket (rise quickly and suddenly)

Giảm To decline, to decrease, to drop, to fall, to go A decline, a decrease, a drop, a fall,
down, to plummet (fall suddenly), to plunge (fall a downward trend
suddenly)
Dao động To fluctuate A fluctuation
Không thay đổi Remain/stay unchanged
Remain/stay/stand stable
Đạt đỉnh cao reach a peak of
peak at
Hit the highest point
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 B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison
Check-up 2.
Mức độ Adj Adv
a.
Sharp Sharply
Rapid Rapidly
Rất mạnh Quick Quickly
Lesson Preparation

Steep Steeply
Dramatic Dramatically
Considerable Considerably
Mạnh Significant Significantly
Substantial Substantially
Vừa vừa Moderate Moderately
Steady Steadily
Đều đều
Gradual Gradually
Slight Slightly
Nhẹ Slow Slowly
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 B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison
Check-up 2.

1.
from just over 400 ____
1.1. From January to March, in-person information requests rise rapidly ______ to 800.

rose rapidly
Lesson Preparation

Structure 1: S + V+ adv Prep: V +from .... to .....

in the number of in-person

of nearly 400 ____
1.2. Over the first two months, there was rapid grow ____
information requests. a rapid growth

Structure 2: There be a/an + adj + noun

Prep: N + of + số liệu
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 B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison
Check-up 2.
1.
to 800.
1.3. Between January and March, in-person information requests witnessed rapidly increase ____

a rapid increase
Lesson Preparation

Structure 3: S + witnessed/saw/ experienced + a/an + adj + noun

Prep: N + to số liệu

of approximately 400 ____

1.4. The period from January to March sees rapid increased ____ in the number of

in-person information requests. saw a rapid increase

Structure 4: Year/ The period from...to... witnessed/ saw + a/an + adj + noun

Prep: N + in đối tượng

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 B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison
Check-up 2.

1.
to
1.5. From January to May, information requests by letter or email experienced drop gradually ____
below 400.
a gradual drop
Lesson Preparation

Prep: N + to số liệu
by 1100.
1.6. From March to June, in-person information requests rise sharp ____

rose sharply
Prep: V + by số liệu
to
at 900 in January, then fall down ____
1.7. Information requests by telephone stood ____ 800, but later
by 200 in March.
increased ____
fell

Prep: V + at số liệu
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 B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison
Check-up 2.

1.

1.8. From January to March, information requests by letter or email plummeted to 700.
Lesson Preparation

dropped

Pay attention to the word choice

(plummet, plunge, rocket, soar,...)

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B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison

Structures

1. Subject + Verb + Adverb

2. There be a/an + adj + noun
3. S + witnessed/saw/ experienced/ recorded + a/an + adj + noun
4. The year/ the period from..to...+ saw/ witnessed/recorded + a/an + adj + noun
5. A/an + adj + noun + be + seen/ witnessed/recorded + in đối tượng

You should use various sentence structures.

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B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison
Meaning Prep
V by số liệu Percentage of students
Tăng/ giảm bao ex: grew by 2% 10%
nhiêu
........................... N of số liệu 8%
ex: a growth of 2% 6%
4%
V/N to số liệu 2%
Tăng/giảm đến bao
........................... ex: grew to 8%/ a growth to 8% 0%
nhiêu Series1

1995 1997
Ở bao nhiêu V at số liệu
........................... ex: started/ stood at 6%

N in đối tượng
tăng/giảm về cái gì
........................... ex: an increase in the percentage of
students attending the class
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 B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison
Check-up 2.
2.

The expenditure for food increased gradually

in 2009.
Lesson Preparation

This is a static bar chart, which has no trend

or timeline, so language for trends must not
be used.

The expenditure for food in Japan was higher

than the figures for the other nations in 2009.

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 B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison
Check-up 3.

1. Số lượng nhân viên ở công ty A giảm nhẹ tới 100. Tương tự, số lượng nhân viên ở công ty B giảm và
cuối cùng chạm mức thấp nhất ở 80.
Lesson Preparation

The number of employees in company A fell slightly to 100. Similarly / In a similar way, that in
company B saw a small drop and finally hit its bottom of 80.
S + V. Similarly, S + V
The number of employees in company A fell slightly to 100. A similar trend/pattern was seen
in the figure for company B that finally hit its bottom of 800.
S + V. A similar trend/pattern was seen in ...

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 B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison
Check-up 3.
2. Trong khi lượng thịt bò được ăn giảm mạnh xuống xấp xỉ 50 pound, lượng tiêu thụ thịt lợn tăng mạnh đạt mức gần 90
pound. (quá khứ đơn)

While/ Whereas/ Meanwhile the amount of beef eaten sharply decreased to approximately 50 pounds, the
Lesson Preparation

consumption of pork witnessed a dramatic growth to just under 90 pounds.

While/ Whereas/ Meanwhile S + V, S + V

The amount of beef eaten sharply decreased to approximately 50 pounds while/, whereas/ meanwhile the
consumption of broilers witnessed a dramatic growth to just under 90 pounds.
S + V While/, Whereas/ Meanwhile S + V
The amount of beef eaten sharply decreased to approximately 50 pounds. In contrast/ On the other hand, the
consumption of broilers witnessed a dramatic growth to just under 90 pounds.
S + V. In contrast/ On the other hand, S + V
While the amount of beef eaten sharply decreased to approximately 50 pounds, the opposite pattern was seen
in the consumption of pork with the figure reaching 90 pounds.

While While/ Whereas/ Meanwhile S + V, the opposite pattern was seen in ....
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 B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison
Check-up 3.

3. Năm 2002, chi tiêu hộ gia đình ở Nhật cao gấp bốn lần chi tiêu hộ gia đình ở Ấn Độ.
Lesson Preparation

Household expenditure in Japan was four times higher than the figure for India.

S + V + ..times + higher than + N

Household expenditure in Japan was four times as high as the figure for India.

S + V + ..times + as high/much/many as + N

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 B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison

Check-up 3.
4. Ô tô là phương tiện giao thông phổ biến nhất trong khi đó phương tiện ít được yêu thích nhất là
tàu.
Lesson Preparation

Car is the most popular means of transport while/meanwhile/ , whereas the least-favored means is
train.

• be + the least/most favored/preferred

• be + the most common/popular + N.
• be the largest producer/consumer of ...

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 B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison

S + V. Similarly, S + V Note: Không dùng On the contrary

S + V. A similar trend/pattern was seen in ...

While/ Whereas/ Meanwhile S + V, S + V
Lesson Preparation

S + V While/, Whereas/ Meanwhile S + V

S + V. In contrast/ On the other hand, S + V
While While/ Whereas/ Meanwhile S + V, the opposite pattern was seen in ....

S + V + ..times + higher than + N

S + V + ..times + as high/much/many as + N
be + the least/most favored/preferred
be + the most common/popular + N.
be the largest producer/consumer of ...
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 B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison
Check-up 4.
1. In 2000, the proportion of oil production in America saw a steep rise to 30%. That was three
times higher than the figure for Germany. trend + comparison
In 2000, the proportion of oil production in America saw a steep rise to 30%, which was three times
Lesson Preparation

higher than the figure for Germany.

S + V + to số liệu, which was ...times higher that N....

2. The Turkey spent most on these items at just 4.35% of their national expenditure. This figure is
around double that of Spain (1,98%).
data + comparison
The Turkey spent most on these items at just 4.35% of their national expenditure, which is around
double that of Spain (1,98%).

S + V +.....+ số liệu, which was double/triple that N....

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 B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison
Check-up 4.

3. The number of employees in company A started at 25 in 2000. It increased significantly to 40 by

2005. It declined by five workers in 2010. trend + trend+ trend
Lesson Preparation

Starting at 25 in 2000, the number of employees in company A increased significantly to 40 before

declining by five workers in 2010.

S + V +.....+ số liệu, which was double/triple that N....

4. In terms of TV advertisement, the expenditure of Certirizine stood at 70 million. Vauxhall was

second with 65 million.
comparison + comparison
In terms of TV advertisement, the expenditure of Certirizine stood at 70 million, followed by Vauxhall
with 65 million.

S + V + ...số liệu, followed by N with số liệu

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 C. Dynamic vs Static
Check-up 5.
static graph dynamic graph
(1), (2), (5) (3), (4)
Lesson Preparation

Types of graphs Types of Language

Language for comparisons
static graph
Language for trends
Language for comparisons
dynamic graph
Language for trends

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 D. Introduction
Words in the question Paraphrases

the graph below shows the + (given) + (bar, line, pie, table, diagram,...) + illustrates/
compares/ gives information about......

the number of the figure for/ how many S + V (active/passive)

Lesson Preparation

the amount of the figure for/ how much S +V (active/passive)

What
the percentage of the figure for/ the proportion of

changes how S + changed

Where in America, Australia, Korea, And Sweden in four different countries

from 2010 to 2020 between 2010 and 2020/ during/over a 20-year period
When

in 1996, 2000 and 2010 in three different years

until 2050 up to 2050

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02
Strategy
Overview - Body

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Line Graph
 Introduction
Check-up 6. [Line Graph] At home
The line graph below provides information about the incomes of four restaurants in a city in 2010
Lead-in

The line graph illustrates the monthly revenue that four different eateries generated over the
course of a year.
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 Overview
Check-up 6. [Line Graph] At home
a. Which restaurants saw an upward trend?
Delicacy, Evening Paradise, Grand Fiesta
b. Which restaurants saw a downward trend?
Spicy Fortune
Lead-in

c. Which restaurant had the highest figure throughout the majority of period?
Spicy Fortune

Overall, three restaurants, including Delicacy, Evening Paradise, Grand Fiesta witnessed a
rise in their profits, while the opposite was true for the restaurant named D. However, D
remained the business that earned the most money throughout the majority of the year.

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 Overview

Needed information: (Line Chart)

• Order (highest/lowest)
• Trend (increase/decrease)
Strategy

Notes: Don’t report data or state your opinion

Useful structure:
While S + V....., the opposite was true for ......

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Body paragraph
Check-up 6. [Line Graph]
Lead-in

4 lines or more fewer than 4 lines

Divide by category Divide by period of time
(group lines which have same trends) Beginning –Mid
Mid point - End
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 Body paragraphs

Body paragraphs could be divided based on the type of line graph.​

Type 1 (Fewer than 4 lines): Should be divided by period of time​

Strategy

+ Beginning – mid point: Report data + Trend/ Comparison​

+ Mid point – End: Report data + Trend/ Comparison​

Type 2: Type 2 (4 lines and more): Should be divided by category

(group lines which have the same trend: upward, downward)​

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Body paragraph
Activity 1. Make a detailed outline for body paragraphs of Check-up 6.
Delicacy, Evening Paradise, Grand Fiesta
Body 1:______________
Jan: Deli: 100, far higher than Eve, Grand ( 50, 30)
_____________________________________
July: Eve: increased, the second >< Grand: fell (80)
_____________________________________
The remainder:
_____________________________________
Eve: fell before rocketing, peaked (~200), most successful
_____________________________________
Grand: increased (140)
_____________________________________
Deli: fluctuated, rose (120)
Spicy Fortune
Body 2:______________
Jan: Deli: 160, fell -> peaked (170 –March)
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
March- October:
_____________________________________
went down -> plummet (140-50)
_____________________________________
least profits
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Bar Chart
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Static
Bar Chart
 Introduction
Check-up 7. [Bar Graph]
The chart below shows the results of a survey about people’s coffee and tea buying and drinking habits
in five Australian cities.
Lead-in

The graph illustrates the Australian’s patterns of purchasing and drinking coffee and tea in five different
metropolises for the past four weeks.
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Overview
Check-up 7. [Bar Graph]
At home
a. Which buying and drinking habit had the highest proportions?
went to a café for coffee or tea in the last 4 weeks ( except Adelaide)

b. Which buying and drinking habit had the lowest proportions?

Lead-in

bought fresh coffee in the last 4 weeks (all)

Overall, it can be seen that most people in these five examined cities preferred going to the café,
except for those living in Adelaide. Additionally, fresh coffee was the least popular option among
the Australian tea and coffee drinkers.

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 Overview

Needed information: (Static chart)

• Order (comparison between labels)
Strategy

• Order (Comparison between categories: highest/lowest)

Notes: Don’t report data or state your opinion

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Body paragraph
Check-up 7. [Bar Graph]
At home

Divide by category
group categories that have
similar patterns

Divide by label
category
label

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 Body paragraphs

There are two ways to divide the body paragraphs.

Approach 1: Divide by category
Strategy

(group categories that have similar patterns)

Approach 2: Divide by labels

( inadvisable)

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Body paragraph
Activity 2. Make a detailed outline for body paragraphs of Check-up 7.
Sydney, Melbourne
Body 1:______________
_____________________________________
relatively similar patterns,
_____________________________________
both 43% - bought fresh coffee,
_____________________________________
lower than instant coffee (45%, 48%)
_____________________________________
both – 63% - went to a café, most popular

Brisbane, Adelaide, vs Hobart

Body 2:______________
_____________________________________
Brisbane, Adelaide – same – 34%- fresh coffee,
_____________________________________
lower - Hobart
_____________________________________
Bristan, Hobart- 55%, instant coffee, slightly
_____________________________________
smaller - Adelaide
_____________________________________
Hobart, Brisbane significantly higher - Adelaide
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Dynamic
Bar Chart
 Introduction
Check-up 8. [Bar Graph]
The bar chart below shows the hours per week that teenagers spent doing certain activities in Chester from
2002 to 2007.
Lead-in

The bar chart provides information on how teenaged children living in a city called Chester spent
their time on entertainment and learning purposes during a five-year period starting from 2002.

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 Overview
Check-up 8. [Bar Graph] At home

a. Which activity had the highest number of hours? watching TV

b. Which activity had the lowest number of hours? bowling

c. Which activities saw an upward trend? going to pubs/ discos, watching TV, shopping
Lead-in

d. Which activities saw a downward trend? doing homework, doing sports, bowling
(except watching DVD- fluctuated)

Overall, teenage boys and girls showed the highest level of interest in watching TV while engaging in
bowling games only occupied a small part of their time. Another feature worth mentioning is that the
figures for visiting pubs/ discos, watching TV programs and going shopping experienced an upward
trend throughout the period shown, whereas the opposite is true for the others with an exception for
DVD-watching, which saw dramatic fluctuations.

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 Overview

Needed information: (Dynamic chart)

• Order (highest/lowest)
Strategy

• Trend (increase/decrease)

Notes: Don’t report data or state your opinion

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Body paragraph
Check-up 8. [Bar Graph]
At home

2 categories
More than 2 categories
-> Divide by periods of time
-> Divide by category
Beginning – Mid point
Group categories with similarities
Mid-point - End
(high/low, increased/ decreased,...) ielts-fighter.com
 Body paragraphs

Body paragraphs could be divided based on the type of bar graph.​

Type 1 (two categories): Should be divided by period of time​

Strategy

+ Beginning – mid point: Report data + Trend/ Comparison​

+ Mid point – End: Report data + Trend/ Comparison​

Type 2: Type 2 (more than two categories): Should be divided by category

(Group categories with similarities (high/low, increased/ decreased,...)

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Body paragraph
Activity 3. Make a detailed outline for body paragraphs of Check-up 8.
going to pubs/ discos, watching TV, shopping
Body 1:______________
_____________________________________
increasing popularity
_____________________________________
2002: TV( 25)- over 3 times higher- pub/discos-
_____________________________________
shopping
_____________________________________
5 years: both shopping, pubs/disco: increased-
_____________________________________
some stagnation – peaked (18, 15)
TV: sharply rose (38)

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Body paragraph
Activity 3. Make a detailed outline for body paragraphs of Check-up 8.

doing homework, doing sports, bowling

vs watching DVD
Body 2:______________
_____________________________________
2002: doing hw –doing sports- DVDs (more or less
_____________________________________
10 hours) >< bowling (4)
_____________________________________
5 years: all decreased – hit the lowest point
_____________________________________
(6,2,1) – 2007
_____________________________________
DVD: started (10) – fluctuated between 11-17.

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Table
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Static
Table
 Introduction
Check-up 9. [Table]
The table below shows the salaries of secondary/high school teachers in 2009. Summarize the
information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparison where relevant.
Lead-in

The given table shows data on the salary package of teaching staff in an average secondary/high
school in five different nations in 2009.

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 Overview
Check-up 9. [Table]

a. Which country offered the highest pay rate? Luxembourg

b. Which country offered the lowest pay rate? Australia

c. In which country did teachers take the longest period of time to reach maximum pay rate? Japan
Lead-in

d. In which country did teachers take the shortest period of time to reach maximum pay rate? Denmark

Overall, of all five countries, lecturers and teachers in Luxembourg were offered the highest pay rate at
any time of their teaching career while the opposite was true for those of teaching profession in
Australia. Another observation worth mentioning is that it took Japanese teachers the longest period of
time to reach the maximum pay rate, in contrast to a far fewer years of teaching that Danish and
Australian counterparts needed in order to receive the highest pay.

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 Overview

Needed information: (Static chart)

Order (highest/lowest, vertical, horizontal)​
Strategy

Notes: Don’t report data or state your opinion.

You should mark on the table to find out major
features.

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 Body paragraph
At home
Check-up 9. [Table]
Lead-in

1. Divide by row 2. Divide by column

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 Body paragraphs

Body paragraphs could be divided:​

By row: Report data + Comparison​
Strategy

E.g. Women expended nearly 70% in buying food products, which

was almost three times as high as the percentage of their male
counterparts.
By column: Report data + Comparison​

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 Body paragraph
Activity 4. Make a detailed outline for body paragraphs of Check-up 9.

By row By column

Body paragraph 1: Australia, Denmark Body paragraph 1: Starting

Strategy

∙ … ∙ …
∙ … ∙ …
∙ … ∙ …

Body paragraph 2: After 15 years, Maximum,

Body paragraph 2: Luxembourg, Japan, Korea
Years to reach
∙ …
∙ …
∙ …
∙ …
∙ …
∙ …
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 Body paragraph
Activity . Work in pairs. Make an outline for two ways of dividing the data for the body
paragraphs.
By row By column
Body paragraph 1: Australia, Denmark Body paragraph 1: Starting

∙ Australia (28,000) – 17,000 lower- Denmark ∙ Luxembourg (80,000) – significantly lower-

∙ 15 years – peaked- 48,000, 54,000 – low- Denmark (45,000)
Strategy

compared – others
∙ -pay gap- smaller – more experience others – around 30,000
∙
Body paragraph 2: Luxembourg, Japan, Korea Body paragraph 2: After 15 years, Maximum,
Years to reach
∙ Luxembourg: 80,000- newly recruited- 2,5
times higher- Japan, Korea (34,000, 30,000) ∙ Luxembourg -15 years-peaked- 119,000 ><
∙ 15 years- Japan- double – Luxembourg, Denmark, Japan slightly increased (54,000,
Korea – slightly increased 65,000)
∙ Luxembourg- 3 decades – peaked – 130,000,
Japan, Korea – longer (7, 4 years)- top- Australia, Korea increased- lowest- 48,000.
∙
earners (86,000, 62,000) less 10 years >< other – at least 30 years
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Dynamic
Table
 Introduction
Check-up 10. [Table]
The table below shows the percentage of mobile phones owners using various mobile features.
Lead-in

The table compares the percentages of people using different functions of their mobile phones
between 2006 and 2010.

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 Overview
Check-up 10. [Table] At home

a. Which mobile feature had the highest percentage? make calls

b. Which mobile feature had the lowest percentage? record video

c. Which mobile features experienced an upward trend? take photos, send & receive messages, play
Lead-in

games, search the Internet, play music, record

video (search the Internet – most dramatic)

d. Which mobile features experienced a downward trend? make calls

Throughout the period shown, the main reason why people used their mobile phones was to
make calls. However, there was a marked increase in the popularity of other mobile phone
features, particularly the Internet search feature.

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 Overview

Needed information: (Dynamic chart)

• Order (highest/lowest)
Strategy

• Trend (increase/decrease)

Notes: Don’t report data or state your opinion. You

should select 2-3 main features rather than
mentioning all.

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 Body paragraph
Check-up 10. [Table] At home
Lead-in

1. Divide by category 2. Divide by periods of time

Group categories with similarities Beginning – Mid point

(high/low, increased/ decreased,...) Mid-point - End

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 Body paragraphs

Body paragraphs of a dynamic table should be divided by:

• Category: upward, downward trend
• Time:
Strategy

+ Beginning – Mid point: Report data + Trend/Comparison

e.g. The price of coffee A, which was at € 1.10 per cup in 1990, increased
slightly to € 1.50 in 2000.
+ Mid-point – End: Report data + Trend/ Comparison
e.g. Coffee C, which was the most expensive brand in 2000, at € 3.50,
witnessed a small drop in price, ending at € 3.20 in 2010.

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 Body paragraph
Activity 5. Make a detailed outline for body paragraphs of Check-up 10.

By category By periods of time

Body 1: make calls, take photos, sending &

Body 1: 2006
receiving text messages
Strategy

∙ …
∙ …
∙ …
∙ …
∙ …
∙ …

Body 2: play games, search the Internet, play Body 2: 2006 -2010
music, record video …
… ∙ …
∙
… ∙ …
∙
... ∙ …
∙ ielts-fighter.com
 Body paragraph
Activity 5. Make a detailed outline for body paragraphs of Check-up 10.

By category By periods of time

Body 1: make calls, take photos, sending & Body 1: 2006
receiving text messages ∙ 100%- owners – make calls
∙ next most popular- text messaging (73%),
∙ make calls- decreased- 99% -top feature taking photos (66%)
contrast – take photos, send& receive
Strategy

∙ ∙ less than 20%- play games, music >< no

messages- next most popular- increased (76, figures – internet searches – recording
79)

Body 2: play games, search the Internet, play Body 2: 2006 -2010
music, record video …
search the Internet record video – no figures ∙ little change – top three features
∙ search the Internet- jump – 41%- 2008-
– increased (73, 35) – search internet – more ∙
dramatic peaked -73%
play music – significantly increased (41), 1.5 ∙ play games, and record video – significantly
∙ increase – 41%, 35%
times higher – play music (26)

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03
Practice
Practice Tasks

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 Practice
Activity 6. Write the full body paragraphs of Check-up 9.
The table below shows the salaries of secondary/high school teachers in 2009. Summarize
the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparison where
relevant.
Check-up

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 Body paragraph
Activity . Work in pairs. Make an outline for two ways of dividing the data for the body
paragraphs.
By row By column
Body paragraph 1: Australia, Denmark Body paragraph 1: Starting

∙ Australia (28,000) – 17,000 lower- Denmark ∙ Luxembourg (80,000) – significantly lower-

∙ 15 years – peaked- 48,000, 54,000 – low- Denmark (45,000)
Strategy

compared – others
∙ -pay gap- smaller – more experience others – around 30,000
∙
Body paragraph 2: Luxembourg, Japan, Korea Body paragraph 2: After 15 years, Maximum,
Years to reach
∙ Luxembourg: 80,000- newly recruited- 2,5
times higher- Japan, Korea (34,000, 30,000) ∙ Luxembourg -15 years-peaked- 119,000 ><
∙ 15 years- Japan- double – Luxembourg, Denmark, Japan slightly increased (54,000,
Korea – slightly increased 65,000)
∙ Luxembourg- 3 decades – peaked – 130,000,
Japan, Korea – longer (7, 4 years)- top- Australia, Korea increased- lowest- 48,000.
∙
earners (86,000, 62,000) less 10 years >< other – at least 30 years
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Practice
Activity 9. SAMPLE
Looking at the survey results for Australia and Denmark, we can see that the starting salary for inexperienced
teachers in the former country stood at just 28,000 dollars, 17,000 lower than that in the latter. However, the
pay gap witnessed a dramatic decline as teachers accumulated more years of teaching experience; and
teaching salaries in these two nations reached their peaks of 48,000 and 54,000 just after nine and eight years
of dedication to their profession.

With regard to the other three countries, Luxembourg was recorded to be the most generous country in
paying for their teaching staff with an impressive salary at 80,000 dollars for newly-recruited teachers, two
and a half times higher than those for Japan and Korea, at 34,000 dollars and 30,000 dollars respectively. The
following 15 years saw a nearly twofold increase in the figure for Japanese teachers, from 34,000 to 65,000,
compared to approximately 50,000 and 120,000 dollars paid to those doing teaching professions in Japan
and Luxembourg respectively. Despite being well-paid at first, those teaching in Luxembourg needed to
devote three decades to their career before making their pay to the highest peak of more than 130,000
dollars, and it took even an additional seven and four years for those from Japan and Korea to become the
top-earners in their chosen fields, receiving 86,000 and 62,000 respectively.

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 01
Materials
General Structure
Dynamic vs Static
Language for trends vs Language for Comparison
Lesson Introduction

Summary 02
Strategy
Overview - Body

03
Practice
Practice tasks
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HOMEWORK

01 Lesson Preparation

02 Homework (Workbook)

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Thanks!
Do you have any
questions?

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