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Lecture-3 Basic Computer Organization

The document summarizes the basic components and operations of a computer system. It outlines five basic operations: input, storage, processing, output, and control. It describes the functions of the input unit, storage unit (including primary and secondary storage), central processing unit (CPU), arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and control unit. The storage unit saves data and instructions, the CPU controls other units and performs processing, and the input and output units accept and deliver information to and from the computer. Finally, it provides a diagram of the basic organization of a computer system showing how the integrated components work together as a system to achieve the computer's goals.

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71 views

Lecture-3 Basic Computer Organization

The document summarizes the basic components and operations of a computer system. It outlines five basic operations: input, storage, processing, output, and control. It describes the functions of the input unit, storage unit (including primary and secondary storage), central processing unit (CPU), arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and control unit. The storage unit saves data and instructions, the CPU controls other units and performs processing, and the input and output units accept and deliver information to and from the computer. Finally, it provides a diagram of the basic organization of a computer system showing how the integrated components work together as a system to achieve the computer's goals.

Uploaded by

et203700
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Computer Organization

Mahimul Islam Nadim


Lecturer, CSE
Daffodil International University
❏ Content

➢ The Five Basic Operations of a Computer System


● Input
● Storing
● Processing
● Output
● Controlling
➢ Diagram of Basic Organization of a Computer System
❏ Basic Operations of a Computer System
There are Five Basic Operations of a Computer System
1. Input Unit
2. Storage Unit
3. Processing Unit
4. Control Unit
5. Output Unit
❏ Input Unit
An input unit of a computer system performs the following
functions:
1. It accepts (or reads) instructions and data from outside world
2. It converts these instructions and data in computer
acceptable form
3. It supplies the converted instructions and data to the
computer system for further processing
❏ Storage Unit
Saving data and instructions to make them readily available for
initial or additional processing whenever required

Two Types of Storage:


⮚ Primary storage
⮚ Secondary storage
❏ Storage Unit: Primary storage
➢ Used to hold running program instructions
➢ Fast in operation
➢ Small Capacity
➢ Expensive
➢ Volatile (loses data on power dissipation)
❏ Storage Unit: Secondary storage
➢ Used to hold stored program instructions
➢ Slower than primary storage
➢ Large Capacity
➢ Lot cheaper than primary storage
➢ Retains data even without power
❏ Central Processing Unit (CPU)

➢ It is the brain of a computer system


➢ It is responsible for controlling the operations of all other
units of a computer system
❏ Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit of a computer system is the place where
the actual executions of instructions takes place during
processing operation.

Performing arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide,


etc.) or logical operations (comparisons like equal to, less than,
greater than, etc.)
❏ Control Unit (CU)
➢ It understands commands and instructions.
➢ It regulates the flow of data within the processor.
➢ It accepts external commands or instructions, which it turns
into a series of control signals.
➢ It is in charge of a CPU’s multiple execution units (such as
ALUs, data buffers, and registers).
➢ It also performs a variety of activities, including fetching,
decoding, handling execution, and storing results.
❏ Output Unit
An output unit of a computer system performs the following
functions:
1. It accepts the results produced by the computer, which are
in coded form and hence, cannot be easily understood by
us
2. It converts these coded results to human acceptable
(readable) form
3. It supplies the converted results to outside world
❏ Basic Organization of a Computer System
❏ The System Concept
A system has following three characteristics:
1. A system has more than one element
2. All elements of a system are logically related
3. All elements of a system are controlled in a manner to achieve the
system goal

A computer is a system as it comprises of integrated components


(input unit, output unit, storage unit, and CPU) that work
together to perform the steps called for in the executing program
Thank you…

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