Hacking

STALIN SANTHOSH
Social Science
Roll No :17
What is hacking
Hacking is the activity of identifying weaknesses in a
computer system or a network to exploit the security to
gain access to personal data or business data. Hacking
in cyber security refers to the misuse of devices like
computers, smartphones, tablets, and networks to
cause damage to or corrupt systems, gather
information on users, steal data and documents, or
disrupt data-related activity
Who’s a Hacker
A Hacker is a person who finds and exploits the weakness in
computer systems and/or networks to gain access. Hackers
are usually skilled computer programmers with knowledge
of computer security. Hackers are most often programmers.
Types of Hackers
Hackers are classified according to the intent of their
actions. The following list classifies types of hackers
according to their intent:
Ethical Hacker (White hat):
White hat hackers, also known
as ethical security hackers,
identify and fix vulnerabilities.
Hacking into systems with the
permission of the organizations
they hack into, white hat hackers
try to uncover system
weaknesses in order to fix them
and help strengthen overall
internet security.
Ethical Hacking

Ethical hacking is identifying weakness in computer

systems and computer networks and coming with
counter measures that protect the weaknesses.
Ethical hackers use their knowledge to secure and
improve the technology of organizations.
Black hat hackers
Black hat hackers are
cybercriminals that illegally crack
systems with malicious intent.
Seeking to gain unauthorized
access to computer systems is the
definition of black hat hacking.
Once a black hat hacker finds a
security vulnerability, they try to
exploit it.
Gray hat hackers

A hacker who is in between white

hat and black hat hackers.
He|She breaks into computer
systems without authority with a
view to identify weaknesses and
reveal them to system owner.
Script Kiddies
They are the most dangerous people in terms of
hackers. A Script kiddie is an unskilled person who
uses scripts or downloads tools available for hacking
provided by other hackers. They attempt to attack
computer systems and networks and deface
websites. Their main purpose is to impress their
friends and society. Generally, Script Kiddies are
juveniles who are unskilled about hacking.
 Advantages of Hacking
• Enhanced Security: Ethical hackers can identify
vulnerabilities in systems and networks, allowing
organizations to strengthen their security measures.
• Preventative Measures: By understanding hacking
techniques, companies can proactively protect against
potential cyber threats and attacks.
• Insightful Testing: Ethical hacking allows for controlled
testing of systems to identify weaknesses before
malicious hackers exploit them.
• Skill Development: Learning hacking techniques can
help individuals develop a deep understanding of
computer systems and security, which can be
beneficial for a career in cybersecurity.
 Disadvantages of Hacking
Legal Consequences: Engaging in hacking activities,
especially without authorization, is illegal and can lead to
severe legal repercussions including fines, imprisonment, or
criminal charges.
• Damage to Systems: Hacking can cause extensive damage
to computer systems, networks, and data, leading to
financial losses, disruption of services, and reputational
damage.
Loss of Trust: Individuals or organizations that fall
victim to hacking lose trust in the security of their
systems, which can have lasting negative effects on
relationships with customers, partners, or stakeholders.
• Negative Impact on Society: Hacking can contribute
to a climate of fear and distrust in technology,
negatively impacting the advancement and adoption
of new digital solutions.
 Ways to prevent Hacking
Use Strong Passwords: Create complex, unique
passwords for each account and enable two-factor
authentication whenever possible.
• Update Software Regularly: Keep all your devices and
software up-to-date with the latest security patches
and updates.
• Install Antivirus Software: Use reputable antivirus and
anti-malware programs to protect against viruses,
malware, and other online threats.
Be Cautious with Links and Downloads: Avoid clicking
on suspicious links, emails, or downloading files from
untrusted sources to prevent phishing attacks.
Use a Firewall: Enable firewalls on your devices and
network to monitor and control incoming and outgoing
traffic.
• Regular Backups: Backup your important data regularly
to prevent data loss in case of a successful hacking
attempt.
Educate Yourself and Others: Stay informed about
common hacking techniques and educate others in
your organization or family about cybersecurity best
practices.
Limit Access: Grant minimal access privileges to users
and regularly review and revoke unnecessary
permissions.
• Secure Physical Devices: Physically secure your
devices to prevent unauthorized access or theft,
especially for laptops, phones, and external drives.