Lesson 1
QUARTER 2
Relation
Relation – pairs of quantities that are
related to each other
Example: The area A of a circle is related
to its radius r by the formula A r .2
Kenneth “received”
Football
Pearl
10 speed
Ann bike
Niña skates
Mathew
SET A SET B
The arrow diagram illustrates a relation from set A to set B.
The relation is “received”
Function
When a relation matches each item from
one set with exactly one item from a
different set the relation is called a
function.
Definition of a Function
A function is a relationship between two
variables such that each value of the fi rst
variable is paired with exactly one value of
the second variable.
The domain is the set of permitted x values.
The range is the set of found values of y.
These can be called images.
Input Output
-3 3 Not aFig
Function
2
1 1 Input Output
3 -3 3
-2
4 1 1
3 -2
A Function
Fig 1
4
{(-3, 3),(1,1),(3,1),(4,-2)}
{(-3, 3),(1,1),(1,-2),(3,3),(4,-2)}
Relations
Is it a Function?
Domain, x Range, y
1 -3.6
it IS a function. 2 -3.6
3 4.2
For each x, there is 4 4.2
5 10.7
only one value of 6 12.1
y. 52 52
Is it a function?
Domain, x Range, y
3 7
it is NOT a function
3 8
Three diff erent y-values 3 10
(7, 8, and 10) are paired 4 42
with one x-value. 10 34
11 18
52 52
Two Kinds of Functions
[Link] Function
[Link] Function
Quadratic Function
is a function f defined by an
equation of the form of 𝑦=𝑎𝑥 2 +
𝑏𝑥+𝑐 where 𝑎,𝑏 and 𝑐 are real
numbers and 𝑎 ≠ 0.
Table of Values
A table of values is a list of numbers that
are used to substitute one variable, such
as within an equation of a line and other
functions, to find the value of the other
variable, or missing number.
How to identify linear functions?
- a linear function can be identifi ed by
looking at a table of values, in a linear
function the fi rst differences of y values
are equal which means a constant change
in x corresponds to a constant change in y.
x y
The points from this
-2 7 -3 table lie on a line.
+1 -1 4 -3
+1 0 1
+1 -3
1 -2
+1 2 -3
-5
In this table, a constant
change of +1 in x
corresponds to constant
change of –3 in y. These
points satisfy a linear
function.
How to identify quadratic functions?
- to determine if the table of values
represents a quadratic function, the
second diff erences in the y values must
be equal
How to identify quadratic functions?
Quadrati c functi ons can be represented in an equati on with
following forms:
Forms of Quadrati c Functi on
•Standard form: 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where the value of a, b, c
are real numbers and 𝑎 ≠0
A quadratic function with No linear term and a
•𝑓( 𝑥 )= 𝑎𝑥 ; constant.
2
A quadratic function with No constant
•𝑓( 𝑥 )= 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥
2
A quadratic function with No linear
•𝑓( 𝑥 )= 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐
2
term.
How to identify quadratic functions?
Quadratic functions can be represented in an
equation with following forms:
Vertex form
𝑓( 𝑥 )= 𝑎 ( 𝑥 −ℎ) 2 +A𝑘quadratic
, wherefunction
the vertex is value
when the ( h, k)
of k
2 is zero. function when the value of
𝑓( 𝑥 )= 𝑎 ( 𝑥 −ℎ) A quadratic
h is zero.
𝑓( 𝑥 )= 𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑘
How to identify quadratic functions?
Other forms of function that are transformable to
quadratic function, also known as the factored form.
Factored form
o 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑥 ( 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 )
o 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=( 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐 )( 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑑 )
o 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=( 𝑥 −ℎ)( 𝑥 −ℎ)
When to say that it is not a quadratic
function:
Note: The highest exponent of a quadratic
function is 2 but cannot be found directly when
the function is in the form of functions that are
transformable to quadratic function or factored
form.
Equation in which the degree is not 2.
Equation that cannot be transformed to a
quadratic equation.
Equation with negative exponents
Examples of Quadratic Functions:
1. 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 +2𝑥+3-Standard Form (SF) 8. 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥(6𝑥+7)
2
9. 𝑓(𝑥)=(𝑥+2)(3𝑥+4)
2. 𝑓(𝑥)=4𝑥2 -Standard Form (SF) with no
linear term and constant term 10. 𝑓(𝑥)=(𝑥−5)(𝑥−5)
3. 𝑓(𝑥)=5𝑥 6𝑥2+ -Standard Form (SF) with no constant term - Factored Form
4. 𝑓(𝑥)=14𝑥2+15-Standard Form (SF) with no linear
term
-Vertex Form (VF)
5. 𝑓(𝑥)=9(𝑥−10) +11
2
2 -Vertex Form (VF) with
6. 𝑓(𝑥)=12(𝑥−13)
k=0
-
7. 𝑓(𝑥)=7𝑥 +8
2 Standard Form (SF) with no linear
term
How to identify quadratic functions using equation?
Identify if the given equations is Quadratic
Functions or not.
1. 𝑓(𝑥)=4𝑥−2 6. 𝑓(𝑥)=3𝑥2
2. 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥2−9 7. 𝑓(𝑥)=(𝑥−6)2+7
3. 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥2−2𝑥+5 8. 𝑓(𝑥)=
4. 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥+10 9. 𝑓(𝑥)=−2𝑥+𝑥2+5
5. 𝑓(𝑥)=(2𝑥−7)(3𝑥+2) 10. 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥3+3𝑥2
How to identify quadratic functions using equation?
Identify if the given equations is Quadratic
Functions or not.
1. 𝑓(𝑥)=4𝑥−2 – Not QF 6. 𝑓(𝑥)=3𝑥2 – QF in SF
2. 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥2−9 – QF 7. 𝑓(𝑥)=(𝑥−6)2+7 – QF
in VF
3. 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥2−2𝑥+5 – QF in SF 8. 𝑓(𝑥)= – Not QF
4. 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥+10 – Not QF 9. 𝑓(𝑥)=−2𝑥+𝑥2+5 – QF
in SF
3 2
