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Ch1 1 Slides Updated

The document introduces compilers and interpreters, describing them as translating a program into an equivalent target program or performing the operations of the source program respectively. It describes the analysis-synthesis model of compilation, which involves analyzing a program to determine its operations and then synthesizing it into a target program. This model is used by various tools beyond just compilers, such as editors, interpreters, and text formatters. The phases of a typical compiler are then outlined, from preprocessing and parsing to optimization and code generation.

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Haleema sadia
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22 views9 pages

Ch1 1 Slides Updated

The document introduces compilers and interpreters, describing them as translating a program into an equivalent target program or performing the operations of the source program respectively. It describes the analysis-synthesis model of compilation, which involves analyzing a program to determine its operations and then synthesizing it into a target program. This model is used by various tools beyond just compilers, such as editors, interpreters, and text formatters. The phases of a typical compiler are then outlined, from preprocessing and parsing to optimization and code generation.

Uploaded by

Haleema sadia
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Compiler

Construction
2

Compilers and Interpreters


• “ Compilation”
– Translation of a program written in a source
language into a semantically equivalent
program written in a target language
– Oversimplified view:
Input

Source Target
Compiler
Program Program

Error messages Output


Compilers and Interpreters
3

(cont’d)
• “ Interpretation”
– Performing the operations implied by the
source program
– Oversimplified view:

Source
Program
Interpreter Output
Input

Error messages
The Analysis-Synthesis Model of
4

Compilation

• There are two parts to compilation:


– Analysis determines the operations implied by
the source program which are recorded in a tree
structure
– Synthesis takes the tree structure and translates
the operations therein into the target program
Other Tools that Use the
5

Analysis-Synthesis Model
• Editors (syntax highlighting)
• Pretty printers (e.g. Doxygen)
• Static checkers (e.g. Lint and Splint)
• Interpreters
• Text formatters (e.g. TeX and LaTeX)
• Silicon compilers (e.g. VHDL)
• Query interpreters/compilers (Databases)
Preprocessors, Compilers,
6

Assemblers, and Linkers


Skeletal Source Program

Preprocessor
Source Program
Try for example:
Compiler
gcc -v myprog.c
Target Assembly Program
Assembler
Relocatable Object Code
Linker Libraries and
Relocatable Object Files
Absolute Machine Code
The Phases of a Compiler 7

Phase Output Sample


Programmer (source code producer) Source string A=B+C;
Scanner (performs lexical analysis) Token string ‘A’, ‘=’, ‘B’, ‘+’, ‘C’, ‘;’
And symbol table with names
Parser (performs syntax analysis Parse tree or abstract syntax tree ;
|
based on the grammar of the =
programming language) / \
A +
/ \
B C

Semantic analyzer (type checking, Annotated parse tree or abstract


etc) syntax tree
Intermediate code generator Three-address code, quads, or int2fp B t1
RTL + t1 C t2
:= t2 A
Optimizer Three-address code, quads, or int2fp B t1
RTL + t1 #2.3 A
Code generator Assembly code MOVF #2.3,r1
ADDF2 r1,r2
MOVF r2,A
Peephole optimizer Assembly code ADDF2 #2.3,r2
MOVF r2,A
8

The Grouping of Phases


• Compiler front and back ends:
– Front end: analysis (machine independent)
– Back end: synthesis (machine dependent)
• Compiler passes:
– A collection of phases is done only once (single pass)
or multiple times (multi pass)
• Single pass: usually requires everything to be defined before
being used in source program
• Multi pass: compiler may have to keep entire program
representation in memory
9

Compiler-Construction Tools
• Software development tools are available to
implement one or more compiler phases
– Scanner generators
– Parser generators
– Syntax-directed translation engines
– Automatic code generators
– Data-flow engines

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