Communication &

Network

Submitted By:
Hanan Sadiq (2020-CHY-11)
Abdul Ghaffar (2020-CHY-14)
Muhammad Junaid Khan (2020-CHY-16)
Hamza Arshad (2020-CHY-17)
Abul Aala (2020-CHY-28)
What is
Communication?
Communication: is a Process of
Passing (Sending) information and
understanding (receiving) the same
from one person to another through
Different Modes will discussed.
 Historical and Present Modes of Communication

Smoke Signal Telegraph Television Cell Phones Internet E-mails

Social media Text messaging

Network?
Network?
A network: consists of two or more
computers that are linked in order to
share resources, exchange files, or
allow electronic communications.
How Computers
Linked Together?
Cables
They Linked
telephone lines together
through:
radio waves

satellites

infrared light beams

Network Devices:
⚬Modems
⚬Gateways
⚬Bridges
 Network Layers:

The network layers refer to the

hierarchical arrangement of protocols
and functions in a networking
architecture. The most commonly used
model for understanding network
layers is the OSI (Open Systems
Interconnection) model, which consists
of seven layers.
 Network Troubleshooting:

Network troubleshooting is the process

of identifying, diagnosing, and
resolving issues or problems that can
occur within a computer network. It
involves systematically analyzing
network-related problems to restore
normal network operations.
Identifying the problems

Checking Physical Connections

Analyzing the Network Traffic Steps

Applying Solution

Preventing Future Problems

Basics Types of
Network

⚬PAN
⚬LAN
⚬CAN
⚬MAN
⚬WAN
Personal Area
Network(PAN)
✓
Bluetooth,IrDA,Zig
Bee
✓ 1-100 meter
✓ Very high
✓ Within a room
✓ Private
LAN stands for Local
Area Network.
✓ Ethernet & Wifi
✓ Up to 2Km
✓ Very high
✓ Within
office,building
✓ Private
✓ Easy
✓ Low
CAN Stand for Campus
Area Network
✓ Ethernet
✓ 1-5KM
✓ High
✓ Within University,
Corporate offices
✓ Private
✓ Moderate
✓ Moderate
WAN Stand for Wide Are
Network
✓ Leased line,Dial up
✓ Above 50KM
✓ Low
✓ Within countries
✓ Private or Public
✓ Very Difficult
✓ Very High
 MAN Stand for
Metropolitan Area
Network
✓ FDDI,CDDI
✓ 5 -50KM
✓ Average
✓ Within a city like Lahore
✓ Private or public
✓ Difficult
✓ High
 Network Security:

Network security involves

implementing measures to protect
a computer network infrastructure
from unauthorized access, misuse,
modification, or disruption. The
primary goal is to ensure the
confidentiality, integrity, and
availability of data within the
network.
 How to secure
network?

Firewalls
Security Updates
 Firewalls:

Firewalls are network security devices

or software applications designed to
monitor, filter, and control incoming
and outgoing network traffic based on
predetermined security rules. They act
as a barrier between a secure internal
network and untrusted external
networks, such as the internet.
 Security Updates:

Network security updates refer to the

regular release and application of patches,
fixes, and improvements to the software,
hardware, and configurations within a
computer network. These updates are
essential for maintaining the security and
functionality of the network by addressing
known vulnerabilities, enhancing defense
mechanisms, and adapting to emerging
threats
Data Transmission: Data Transmission:

Data transmission is the process of

sending or transferring data from one
location to another. In the context of
information technology and
telecommunications, data
transmission involves the movement
of digital data between devices or
systems over a communication
channel. This communication channel
can be wired or wireless and may
include various mediums such as
copper wires, fiber optics, radio
waves, or satellite links.
How does data transmission work?
Data transmission involves at least two or more
digital devices communicating over a network, and
requires a few key components:
Sender: The device that starts the transmission of
data.
Receiver: The device that receives the data sent by
the sender.
Message or data: This is the information transmitted
from one device to another, including text, images,
audio, video, or any other form of content.
Medium: The physical path or channel through
which data is transmitted, such as an optical cable or
wireless transmission.
Protocol: A set of rules governing the format, timing,
and sequencing of data transmission.
What are the types of data
transmission?
Here is a closer look at the
ways data can be transmitted
between parties:
• Simplex Transmission
• Half-duplex transmission
• Full-duplex transmission
Simplex transmission:
It’s a mode of communication where the data can only flow in one
direction, meaning it’s unidirectional. In this mode, the sender can send
data, but they can’t receive it. Similarly, the receiver can only receive data
and not send it back. So, it’s a bit like a one-way street, where data flow
can only go in one direction.
Half-duplex transmission:
Half-duplex allows data to flow in both directions, but only one direction at
a time.Each station can only send or receive data at a given time, meaning
that when one device sends data, the other can only receive it, and vice
versa. It’s similar to a two-lane highway where only one direction of traffic
can go at once.
Full-duplex transmission:
In full-duplex data transmission, information can flow in both directions
simultaneously, allowing for two-way communication. Unlike half-duplex, which
only allows one direction of data flow at a time, full-duplex enables both stations to
transmit and receive data concurrently, making it bidirectional.
 Parallel processing

Parallel processing is a computing technique when multiple

streams of calculations or data processing tasks co-occur
through numerous central processing units (CPUs) working
concurrently.
 Distributed processing

Distributed processing means that a specific task can be broken up

into functions, and the functions are dispersed across two or more
interconnected processors. A distributed application is an application
for which the component application programs are distributed
between two or more interconnected processors.
Advantages of distributed processing

• Security
• Distributed databases
• Faster problem solving
• Collaborative processing
 Performance

Data
communication
and network
Criteria

Reliability Security
 …Criteria

1: Performance
Depends on Network Elements.

2: Reliability
Failure rate of network components.

3: Security
Data protection against corruption/loss of data due to:
• Errors
• Malicious users
 Goals of computer
Communication and Network:
• Data Transfer
• Resource Sharing
• Reliability
• Security
• Flexibility and Adaptability
• Efficiency
• Quality of Service (QoS)
• Support for Multimedia