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Powerpoint - Gravity

This document discusses the law of universal gravitation and formulas for calculating gravitational force and orbital parameters of satellites. It states that the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. It then provides equations for calculating gravitational force, orbital velocity, orbital radius, gravitational acceleration at orbital radius, and orbital period of a satellite. Key constants like the gravitational constant and properties of Earth are also listed.

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Atharvva
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21 views9 pages

Powerpoint - Gravity

This document discusses the law of universal gravitation and formulas for calculating gravitational force and orbital parameters of satellites. It states that the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. It then provides equations for calculating gravitational force, orbital velocity, orbital radius, gravitational acceleration at orbital radius, and orbital period of a satellite. Key constants like the gravitational constant and properties of Earth are also listed.

Uploaded by

Atharvva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Universal Law of

Gravitation
Every object attracts every other
object with a force that is directly
proportional to the product of the
masses of the objects and inversely
proportional to the square of the
distance between them.
Calculating Gravitational
Force
Fg = gravitational force or weight or
force of attraction, N
m1m2
Fg  G 2 G = universal constant of gravitation (=
d 6.67 x 10 -11Nm2/kg2)

m1, m2 = masses of objects, kg


d = distance from center of one object
to center of other
object, m
Fg Fg
m1 m2
d
Calculating Fg for Orbital Motion
– modified “G” formula
For satellites: r = d, M= m1, and m = m2
• Fg = gravitational force or weight or force
of attraction, N

m G = universal gravitation constant


r (G = 6.67 x 10 -11Nm2/kg2)
M = mass of the planet or sun, kg (object
M being orbited about)
m = mass of the satellite, kg (object in orbit)
r = orbital radius (distance from center of
the planet to center of satellite), m
Calculating “g”
Fg  FG
•
GmM
 Fg
Fc m

mg  2
r
GM
g 2
r
Note: m= mass of the object that is being attracted or accelerated
(mass that is orbiting about another object)
M = mass of the object that is attracting or accelerating ‘m’
(mass that is being orbited about)
r = radial distance (same as d – distance from center to center)
Orbital Velocity for a Satellite
moving in a Circular Orbit
Centripetal Force = Gravitational Force
Fc  Fg
v
mv 2 GMm
 2
r r
so...
GM
v
r
Mass and orbital radius
can also be found using:
Centripetal Force = Gravitational Force

Fc  Fg Fc  Fg
2 2
mv GMm mv GMm
 2  2
r r r r
so... so...
rv 2 GM
M r 2
G v
Another Formula for Orbital Speed

F c = Fg

mv2  mg
r
v= rg

Note: You must know g to use this equation for v!


Orbital Period of a Satellite

F gF c
GmM mv 2
2 
r r
2
GM  2 r 
 
r  T 
so...
4 2 r 3
T
GM
Useful Constants

• G = 6.67 x 10 -11 N m2/ kg2


• Mass of Earth = 5.98 x1024 kg
• Radius of Earth = 6.37 x 106 m
• Earth’s orbital period = 1 year

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