Computing Fundamentals

Making Decision – IF Statement and flow charts

Week 8 Instructor: Shehzad Aslam
 Decision
Execute or Skip statements based on some condition

 If some-test-true  If some-test-true
 Then do the following  Then do the following
 Do the following  Do the following
 If some-test-true  Else If some-other-test-true
 Then do the following  Then do the following
 Do the following  Do the following
 Else  …
 Then do the following  Else
 Do the following  Then do the following
 Do the following
Decision - Examples

 If voltages exceeds 240  If temperature exceeds 35

 Turn off the switch  Turn on AC
 If voltages drops 200 OR voltages  Turn off Fan
exceeds 240  Else If temperature exceeds 25
 Turn off the switch  Turn off AC
 If 5 seconds past  Turn ON Fan
 Turn on the Red light  Else
 If intensity drops 30 lux  Turn OFF AC
 Turn on Light  Turn ON FAN
 Else
 Turn off light
 Condition
 Comparison / Relational Operators
 Used to compare values and gives result in TRUE or FALSE
 >, <, >=, <=, ==, !=
 Logical Operators
 Used to combine more than one conditions
 When more than one condition is combined its called compound condition
 && (and) , || (or) , ! (not)
Making Condition - Examples

 voltages exceeds 240?  Temperature exactly 30?

 voltages drops 200 OR voltages exceeds  No is even?
240?
 Number divides fully by 5?
 Turn off the switch?
 P1 is taller than P2?
 5 seconds past?
 Motor not rotating above 5kRPM
 intensity drops 30 lux ?
and blade temperature exceeds 70
 Number value is 50 or above? deg?
 Number is between 40 and 80?  Marks between 70 and 90?
 Speed is 40 or above and its not 3rd gear?  Price below 990?
 Short Circuit Evaluation
 Computer ignore some condition based on partial results to speedup processing

 A < B && C > D

 A < B || A > C
 (A < B && B > D) || (G == M || K != 40) && T >= 500
 If Statement
 Time is given in hr and minutes and check if time  Syntax
exceeds 9:18 then print you are late  if (condition) {
 Take a number from user and double it if it is multiple of  Statement1;
10
 Statement 2;
 If marks are above 40 print you passed
 …
 Take a character from user and print if it’s a vowel
 }

 Curly braces are optional

 Statements inside curly braces are called
body of if
 If braces are omitted then very next
single statement is considered as body
If-else Statement

 Time is given in hr and minutes and  if (condition) {

check if time exceeds 9:18 then print  Statement1;
you are late otherwise show you are on
 Statement 2;
time
 …
 Take a number from user and double it if
it is multiple of 10 otherwise make it  }
half  else {
 If marks are above 40 print you passed  Statement1;
otherwise show sorry you failed
 Statement 2;
 Take a character from user and print if
 …
it’s a vowel or consonant
 }
If-else-if Statement
 Time is given in hr and minutes and  if (condition) {
check if time exceeds 9:18 then print  Statement1;
you are late if its before 9:18 show you
 …
came early if its exactly 9:18 otherwise
show you hardly on time  }
 Take a number from user and double it if  else if (condition) {
it is multiple of 10 if its multiple of 3  Statement1;
then add 20 to it if its even make it
square otherwise make it half  …
 If marks are 81-100 show grade A, if  }
marks 61-80 show grade B, if marks 41-  else {
60 Show grade C, if marks 0-40 show
 Statement1;
sorry you failed
 …
 }
Practice Problems
 Evaluate the condition to true of false and tell which condition will be ignored based on
short circuit evaluation

Statement T/F Ignored conditions

int x = 10;
!(x > 10)

int x = 10, y = 15;

x <= 5 || y < 15
int x = 10, y = 15, z = 20;
(x != 5) && (y != z)
int x = 10, y = 15, z = 20;
x >= z || (x + y >= z)
int x = 10, y = 15, z = 20;
(x <= y - 2) && (y >= z) || (z -
2 != 20)
Solve the Following Problem – Will be checked
 input marks of five subjects Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics and Computer. Find total
marks, calculate percentage and grade according to following: (store results in variables)

Percentage >= 90% : Grade A

Percentage >= 80% : Grade B
Percentage >= 70% : Grade C
Percentage >= 60% : Grade D
Percentage >= 40% : Grade E
Percentage < 40% : Grade F
 Use separate if to show comments

for A show “Excellent” and comments for B too

for B grade show “Good work” only
for C grade show “It could be batter” only
for D grade show “Saved form worst” only
Otherwise say “Fallen into a trap”
Practice Problems
 Input two sides of rectangle and show its square or not. Then ask user that enter 1 to
calculate parameters and 2 to calculate area. Based on the user choice calculate and
show results. Upon invalid choice show invalid option.
 Input a number from use and test its 4 digit number or not? If its 4 digit number then test each
digit is same?
 Saleman has 12500 basic pay. He is given 10.5% bonus on each sale. If sale exceeds 100k then
he is given extra 3% bonus on amount exceeding 100k. Input the sale from user and show net
pay.
Reading

 Chapter 4 from C++ Programming by DS Malik

 Solve exercise of chapter 4