CSC 331: Digital Image Processing

Instructor: Muhammad Nasir | Lecturer | [email protected]

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 Applications of DIP
Categorization according to image sources
 Electromagnetic (EM) band Imaging
– Gamma ray images
– x-ray band images
– ultra-violet band images
– visual light and infra-red images
– Imaging based on micro-waves and radio waves
 Non-EM band Imaging
– Acoustic and ultrasonic images
– Electron Microscopy
– Computer-generated synthetic images

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 EM Spectrum

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 Applications of DIP: EM band imaging
 Gamma-ray imaging
– Nuclear medicine, astronomical observations.

 X-ray Imaging
– Medical diagnostics (CAT scans, x-ray scans), industry, astronomy.

 Ultra-violet imaging
– Fluorescence microscopy, astronomy,

 Visible & Infrared-band imaging (most widely used)

– Light microscopy, astronomy, remote sensing, industry, law enforcement,
military reconnaissance, etc.

 Micro-wave and radio band imagery

– Radar, Medicine (MRI), astronomy

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 Infrared / Thermal imaging

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 Infrared / Thermal imaging

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 Infrared / Thermal imaging

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 Applications of DIP: Non-EM band imaging
 Acoustic imaging (hundreds of Hz)
– Geological exploration (oil exploration)

 Ultrasound imaging (millions of Hz)

– Industry and medicine

 Electron microscopic imaging

– Used to achieve magnification of 10,000x or more
• (Light microscopy is limited to around 1000x)

 Synthetic imaging
– 3D modeling or visualization systems for flight simulators, machine design,
special effects and animations, etc.

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 Applications of DIP

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 Applications of DIP

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 Applications of DIP

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 Applications of DIP

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 Applications of DIP

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 Applications of DIP

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 Applications of DIP

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 Applications of DIP

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 Applications of DIP

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 Applications of DIP

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 Applications of DIP

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 Applications of DIP

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 Applications of DIP

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Classification of DIP and Computer Vision Processes

 Low-level process: (DIP)

– Primitive operations where inputs and outputs are images
Major functions: image pre-processing like noise reduction,
contrast enhancement, image sharpening, etc.

 Mid-level process (DIP, Computer Vision and Pattern

Recognition)
– Inputs are images, outputs are attributes (e.g., edges) major
functions: segmentation, description, classification /
recognition of objects

 High-level process (Computer Vision)

– Make sense of an ensemble of recognized objects; perform the
cognitive functions normally associated with vision
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 Image Processing Steps
Physical world

Image acquisition
Imaging
Digitization, quantization and
compression
Enhancement and restoration Image Processing
Image segmentation Imaging Analysis
Feature selection/extraction (Computer Vision and
Pattern recognition)
Image representation
Image interpretation Image understanding
(Computer Vision and
Pattern recognition)
Physical action
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 Image Processing Computer vision and PR
 Image acquisition by sensor Image Geometrical Rectification
 Image sampling and quantization  Camera geometry
Feature Extraction

Computer Vision
Image enhancement and  Edge and Interest points detection
restoration  Texture and shading
 Filtering in spatial domain or  Shape from texture and shading
Digital Image Processing

frequency domain Calculation on Multiple Views

Feature Extraction  Multi-view geometry and Stereo imaging
 Edge detection  Structure from motion
 Interest points Segmentation
Colored image Processing  Impose some order on group of pixels to
 Pseudo coloring separate them from each other
 Color segmentation Template matching

Pattern Recognition
Multi-resolution analysis
 Pyramids Segmentation
 Wavelets Classification and Recognition
 Other transformations  Classification and interpretation of objects
Image and video compression based on selected features
 Image compression standards  Recognize objects using probabilistic
 Video compression standards techniques
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 Scope of DIP Course
 Digital image fundamentals and image acquisition (briefly)
 Image enhancement in spatial domain
– pixel operations
– histogram processing
– Filtering

 Image sampling
 Image restoration
– Noise reduction techniques
– Geometric transformations

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 Scope of DIP Course (continued)
 Color image processing
– Color models
– Pseudocolor image processing
– Color transformations and color segmentation

 Morphological image processing

– Dilation and erosion
– Opening closing
– Hit or miss transformation
– Basic morphological algorithms

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 Scope of DIP Course (continued)

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