Motion (contd)
Uniform circular motion, Relative velocity, Rotational motion
UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
• When a particle (or body)moves in a circle with constant speed, the
motion is called uniform circular motion.
• no component of acceleration parallel (tangent) to the path
• The acceleration is radial – always pointing towards the center of the
circle (sometimes called centripetal acceleration)
• Acceleration perpendicular to objects velocity
a v2 / R
Solved example 1
• Find the radius of the circular path for which an object travels with a
velocity and centripetal acceleration of 45 m/s and 8.9 respectively.
Solved example 2
• The passengers in a carnival ride travel in a circle with radius 5.0 m .They
make one complete circle in a time T = 4.0 s. What is their acceleration?
• Solution
2
V
a
R
Radius R is given as 5m , V ( the velocity) has to be calculated.
recall that ; velocity = distance /time
for a complete revolution, the passengers travels a distance equal to the
circumference of the circle in the time T
Hence Distance = 2πR
Solved example 2 (contd)
Relative velocity
• Relative velocity is all about relating the measurements of two
different observers, one moving with respect to the other.
• Relative velocity can be defined as the velocity of an object X in the
rest frame of another object Y.
• For example, a boat crosses a river that is flowing at some rate or an
airplane encountering wind during its motion or being in a moving car
an been observed
Relative velocity (contd)
• Velocity of an object A relative to object B is
Velocity of an object B relative to object A is
= +
=
Therefore =
• their magnitudes are same =
Solved example 3
Solved example 4 & 5
Relative Velocity in a plane
Rotational Motion
• Distinct from circular motion
• Rotation is ABOUT an axis
• Axis is stationary
• Characterized by
ANGULAR POSITION
ANGULAR VELOCITY
ANGULAR ACCELERATION
Rotational Motion (contd)
• represents the rotational/angular position(angular displacement).
• Analogous to x (position) in straight line motion
• Geometrically,
is the angle subtended by an arc of length s
, where r is radius
is measured in radian (rad)
1 rad = =
rad;
Rotational Motion –Angular velocity
• linear motion, velocity, v = rate of change of displacement
• Rotational motion, Angular velocity, ω = rate of change of
• average angular velocity =
Unit = rad/s
also revolution per minute rpm( rev/min) is often used
Conversions:
Rotational Motion –Angular velocity (contd)
• Instantaneous angular velocity
• For body is rigid, all lines in it rotate through the same angle in the same time
interval
• Thus, at any given instant, every part of a rigid body has the same angular
velocity.
• A boy and a girl ride a turning merry-go-round. The boy is at the outer edge;
the girl is near the axis of rotation. How do their angular velocities compare?
A. The boy has the greater angular velocity.
B. The girl has the greater angular velocity.
C. Both children have the same angular velocity.
Ans C: both
Rotational Motion –Angular Acceleration
• Average angular accl, = change in angular vel/change in time
Solved example 6
• A compact disc (CD) rotates at high speed while a laser reads data
encoded in a spiral pattern. The disc has radius R = 6.0 cm; when data
are being read, it spins at 7200 rev/min. What is the CD’s angular
velocity in radians per second? How much time is required for it to
rotate through 90°? If it starts from rest and reaches full speed in 4.0
s, what is its average angular acceleration?
Solved example 6 (contd)
Solved example 7
• An old-fashioned vinyl record is designed to turn at 33 rev/min. Find
the angular velocity and period (the time for one revolution) of this
record.
Solution
to find angular velocity in rad/s, multiply value in rev/min by
ie
To find the time T for one revolution, recall that , time = distance/vel
In this case distance = vel = 3.5 rad/s;
Hence T=
Rotation with Constant Angular
Acceleration
• Recall equation of motion with constant acceleration
• Similarly for rotational motion with constant acceleration:
(angular velocity as function of time)
(angular position with constant angular acceleration)
(angular velocity in terms of angular displacement)
Solved example 8
• The angular velocity of the rear wheel of a stationary exercise bike is
4.00 rad/s at time t=0 and its angular acceleration is constant and
equal to 2.00 rad/s2. A particular spoke coincides with the + x axis at t
=0. What angle does this spoke make with the + axis at t = 3.00s ?
What is the wheel’s angular velocity at this time?
Solved example 8 (contd)
End of slides
Thank you
