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Mathematics 11 Class Set

Sets are collections of distinct objects that are well-defined and can be represented in roster or set-builder form. Sets are used throughout mathematics to define concepts like relations and functions. Common sets used in mathematics include the natural numbers N, integers Z, rational numbers Q, and real numbers R. The elements of a set are represented by lowercase letters while the set itself is denoted by a capital letter.

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65 views22 pages

Mathematics 11 Class Set

Sets are collections of distinct objects that are well-defined and can be represented in roster or set-builder form. Sets are used throughout mathematics to define concepts like relations and functions. Common sets used in mathematics include the natural numbers N, integers Z, rational numbers Q, and real numbers R. The elements of a set are represented by lowercase letters while the set itself is denoted by a capital letter.

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haseebidreesi0607
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATHEMATICS

CLASS 11
SET
Introduction:-

Today this concept is being used in


almost every branch of
mathematics. Sets are used to
define the concepts of relations
and functions. The study of
geometry, sequences, probability,
etc.
Sets and their Representations:-
• (i) Odd natural numbers less than 10, i.e., 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
• (ii) The rivers of India
• (iii) The vowels in the English alphabet, namely, a, e, i, o, u
• (iv) Various kinds of triangles
• (v) Prime factors of 210, namely, 2,3,5 and 7
• (vi) The solution of the equation: x2 – 5x + 6 = 0, viz, 2 and 3.
above example is a well-defined collection of objects
We give below a few more examples of sets used
particularly in mathematics
• N : the set of all natural numbers
• Z : the set of all integers
• Q : the set of all rational numbers
• R : the set of real numbers
• Z+ : the set of positive integers
• Q+ : the set of positive rational numbers
• R+ : the set of positive real numbers.
We shall say that a set is a well-defined
collection of objects.
• (i) Objects, elements and members of a set are
synonymous terms.
• (ii) Sets are usually denoted by capital letters A, B, C, X, Y, Z,
etc.
• (iii) The elements of a set are represented by small letters
a, b, c, x, y, z, etc
There are two methods of representing a set:-
(i) Roster or tabular form ;-

(ii) Set-builder form:-


eg:-Write the solution set of the equation x2 + x – 2 = 0 in roster form.

Eg :-Write the set {x : x is a positive integer and x2 < 40} in the roster
form.
Example :- Match each of the set on the left described in the roster
form with the same set on the right described in the set-builder form
(i) {P, R, I, N, C, A, L} (a) { x : x is a positive integer and is a divisor of 18}
• (ii) { 0 } (b) { x : x is an integer and x2 – 9 = 0}
• (iii) {1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18} (c) {x : x is an integer and x + 1= 1}
• (iv) {3, –3} (d) {x : x is a letter of the word PRINCIPAL}
EXERCISE 1.1
• (i) The collection of all the months of a year beginning with the letter
J.

• (ii) The collection of ten most talented writers of India. (iii) A team of
eleven best-cricket batsmen of the world
• (iv) The collection of all boys in your class.

• (v) The collection of all natural numbers less than 100.


• (vi) A collection of novels written by the writer Munshi Prem Chand

• (vii) The collection of all even integers.


• (viii) The collection of questions in this Chapter.

• (ix) A collection of most dangerous animals of the world.


• 2. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Insert the appropriate symbol ∈ or ∉ in the
blank spaces:
• (i) 5. . .A (ii) 8 . . . A (iii) 0. . .A (iv) 4. . . A (v) 2. . .A

• (vi) 10. . .A
3. Write the following sets in roster form:-
• (i) A = {x : x is an integer and –3 ≤ x < 7}

• (ii) B = {x : x is a natural number less than 6}

• (iii) C = {x : x is a two-digit natural number such that the sum of its digits is 8}
(iv) D = {x : x is a prime number which is divisor of 60}

• (v) E = The set of all letters in the word TRIGONOMETRY

• (vi) F = The set of all letters in the word BETTER


4. Write the following sets in the set-builder
form :
• (i) (3, 6, 9, 12}

• (ii) {2,4,8,16,32}

• (iii) {5, 25, 125, 625}


• (iv) {2, 4, 6, . . .}

• (v) {1,4,9, . . .,100}


5. List all the elements of the following sets :
• (i) A = {x : x is an odd natural number}

• (ii) B = {x : x is an integer, - 1 /2 < x < 9 /2


• (iii) C = {x : x is an integer, x2 ≤ 4}

• (iv) D = {x : x is a letter in the word “LOYAL”} (v)


• (v) E = {x : x is a month of a year not having 31 days}

(vi) F = {x : x is a consonant in the English alphabet which precedes k }.


6. Match each of the set on the left in the roster form with the
same set on the right described in set-builder form
• (i) {1, 2, 3, 6} (a) {x : x is a prime number and a divisor of 6}

• (ii) {2, 3} (b) {x : x is an odd natural number less than 10}

• (iii) {M,A,T,H,E,I,C,S} (c) {x : x is natural number and divisor of 6}

• (iv) {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} (d) {x : x is a letter of the word MATHEMATICS}


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