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CPP-Day 2

This document discusses different types of literals in C++, including: - Integer literals which can be decimal, octal, or hexadecimal - Floating-point literals which can be fractional or exponential form - Character literals which use single quotes - Escape sequences to represent special characters - String literals which use double quotes - Constants defined using the const keyword It provides examples of each type of literal and explains their formats and uses in C++ code. The document concludes with an exercise asking the reader to write a program using variables of different data types.

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Abhijit B
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10 views

CPP-Day 2

This document discusses different types of literals in C++, including: - Integer literals which can be decimal, octal, or hexadecimal - Floating-point literals which can be fractional or exponential form - Character literals which use single quotes - Escape sequences to represent special characters - String literals which use double quotes - Constants defined using the const keyword It provides examples of each type of literal and explains their formats and uses in C++ code. The document concludes with an exercise asking the reader to write a program using variables of different data types.

Uploaded by

Abhijit B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C++ Introduction – Day 2


C++ Literals

Literals are data used for representing fixed values

Literals can be used directly in code e.g. 1 , 3.1 , ‘m’ etc.
Here 1, 3.1 and ‘m’ are literals because you cannot assign
different values to these


C++ has different literals which are explained in next few
slides
C++ Introduction – Day 2

Integers

An Integer is numeric literal (related to numbers) without
fractional or exponential part

There are three types of integer literals in C++
Programming

Decimal (Base 10) (This is the number system we all use in
day to day life)

Octal (Base 8)

Hexadecimal (Base 16)
C++ Introduction – Day 2

Examples of C++ Integer Literals

Decimal :
 0 , 1, 11, -22 , 75, 100001 etc.

Octal :
 011 , 033, 088 etc.
 Octal Literals in C++ start with 0

Hexadecimal :
 0x7f , 0x3b, 0x521 etc
 Hexadecimal Literals in C++ start with 0x

For more info on Number Systems please read this article
C++ Introduction – Day 2
Floating-point Literals

Floating- point literals are numeric literals which have
wither fractional form or exponent form

E.g.
 1.5 , 3.1 , 10.1 , -4.5, 0.00001, -0.00278 etc. are
fractional literals
 3.8E5, 9.1E2 etc. are exponent literals where
 E5 = 105
 So 3.8E5 is equivalent to 3.8 X 105
C++ Introduction – Day 2
Character Literals

A character literal is created by enclosing a single
character inside single quotation mark.

For example
 ‘m’ , ‘e’, ‘E’ , ‘T’ , ’2’ , ‘1’, ‘(‘, ‘{‘ etc.
C++ Introduction – Day 2
Escape Sequences

Sometimes it is necessary to use characters that cannot
be types or has special meaning in C++ program.

For example
 new line , backspace , tab , quotation mark etc.

In order to use these characters in C++ program, escape
sequences are used
C++ Introduction – Day 2
Escape Sequences
Characters Escape Sequences
Backspace \b
Form feed \f
Newline \n
Return \r
Horizontal tab \t
Vertical tab \v
C++ Introduction – Day 2
Escape Sequences
Characters Escape
Sequences
Backslash \\
Single quotation mark \'
Double quotation mark \"
Question mark \?
Null Character \0
C++ Introduction – Day 2
String Literals

A string literal is sequence of characters enclosed in double-
quotation marks

For example
 “Hello!!” - string constant
 “” - null(without any value) string constant
 “ “ - string constant with two white spaces
 “m” -string constant with single character
 “Hello!! Meet \n” -string constant with new line character (Refer previous
slide of
 escape sequence)
C++ Introduction – Day 2
C++ Constant

Constant is a variable whose value cannot be changed
once program is compiled.

To define constant we use “const” keyword

For example
 const PI = 3.14;
 If you try to write PI = 22/7 this will give error
C++ Introduction – Day 2
Exercise Two

Write a program using online IDE. Define variables for following
 Variable to store First Name of person
 Variable to store Last Name of person
 Variable to store Age of person
 Variable to store Address of person
 Variable to store Pin Code
 Program should print First Name and Last Name on one line
 Age on another line
 Address and Pin Code on next line
 Refer Example program and make use of cout and cin functions

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