CWTS 10013

CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING

SERVICE 1

ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
CWTS MODULE 3
CWTS 10013
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AL
Environmental protection
and management have
become one of the foremost
concerns of the world as well
as the Philippines.
This module covers Republic
Acts and other related laws
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UNIT 1:

REPUBLIC ACTS AND

OTHER LAWS ON
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
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REPUBLIC ACT.
9512
An act to promote environmental awareness
through environmental education and for other
purposes. This Act is known as the “National
Environmental Awareness and Education Act of
2008.”
 REPUBLIC ACT.
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9512
Sec. 2 Declaration of Policy -- Consistent with the policy of the
State to protect and advance the right of the people to a
balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and
harmony of nature, and in recognition of the vital role of the
youth in nation-building and the role of education to foster
patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and
promote total human liberation and development, the state shall
promote national awareness on the role of natural resources in
economic growth and the importance of environmental
conservation and ecological balance towards sustained national
development.
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REPUBLIC ACT.
9003
This is an act providing for an ecological
solid waste management program, creating the
necessary institutional mechanisms
and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited
and providing penalties, appropriating
funds thereof and for other purposes.
(January 26, 2001)
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REPUBLIC ACT.
9275
This is an act providing for an ecological
solid waste management program, creating the
necessary institutional mechanisms
and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited
and providing penalties, appropriating
funds thereof and for other purposes.
(March 22, 2004)
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REPUBLIC ACT.
9275
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy – The State shall
pursue a policy of economic growth in a manner
consistent with the protection, preservation and
revival of the quality of our fresh, brackish
and marine waters.
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REPUBLIC ACT.
8749
“Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999”
An act providing for a comprehensive air
pollution control policy and for other purposes.
(June 23, 1999)
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REPUBLIC ACT.
9147
An act providing for the conservation and
protection of wildlife resources and their
habitats, appropriating funds therefor and for
other purposes.
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REPUBLIC ACT.
9175
An act regulating the ownership, possession,
sale, importation and use of chainsaws,
penalizing violations thereof and for other
purposes
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CHED MEMORANDUM
ORDER NO. 33 SERIES
OF 2009
mandates the integration of Environmental
Education in the Tertiary Education Curriculum
particularly the Civic Welfare Training Service
component in the National Service Training
Program
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UNIT 2:

SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
AND PROPER WASTE
DISPOSAL
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The system
of garbage disposal
can be described
simply as

TAPON
by individuals or
households
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The system
of garbage disposal
can be described
simply as

HAKOT
by government trucks
and/or private
contractors
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The system
of garbage disposal
can be described
simply as

TAMBAK
in open dumpsites
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The system
of garbage disposal
can be described
simply as

KALAT
due to improper manner
of disposal, retrieval,
inadequate collection
and over-congestion
in dumpsites
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The system
of garbage disposal
can be described
simply as

SUNOG
to burn the pile of
uncollected
garbage
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THE PARADIGM SHIFT

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STEPS ON PROPER
WASTE DISPOSAL
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1. SEGREGATING
It is the process of separating biodegradable
and non-biodegradable garbage.
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1. SEGREGATING
Biodegradable is a type of
waste which can be broken
down in a reasonable amount
of time, into its base compounds
by micro-organisms and other
living things regardless of
what those compounds may be.
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1. SEGREGATING
On the other hand, non-
biodegradable refers to
materials that do not break
down naturally or take an
inordinate amount of time to do
so. When thrown away, these
materials cannot be dissolved
by the bacteria, fungi and living
organisms in the air, moisture
climate in the soil.
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2. COMPOSTING
It is the process where biodegradable waste is
placed in a certain tank or a hole for a
certain time to let it decompose with the help of
decomposers like yeasts, worms, and moulds.
After the decomposition, the decomposed waste
can now be used as a fertilizer for plants.
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3. RECYCLING
It is the most useful and helpful way of waste
management. Non-biodegradable waste
can be recycled by creating helpful and useful
things out of it like the plastic bottles can be
made as house decorations while used
magazines can be made into beautiful pillows.
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3. RECYCLING
Recycling can also be a source of income in the
community, can really reduce pollution, save
natural resources, and conserve energy in the
households.
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UNIT 3:

PREVENTING
AIR POLLUTION
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AIR POLLUTION
Any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological
properties of the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto
of any liquid, gaseous or solid substances that will or is
likely to create or to render the air resources of the country
harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public health, safety or
welfare or which will adversely affect their utilization for
domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational,
or other legitimate purposes
(Clean Air Act of 1999).
CWTS 10013
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THE CLEAN AIR ACT

OF 1999
Republic Act 8749, now known as the Philippine Clean Air
Act of 1999, was approved
by the then President Joseph Ejercito Estrada on June 23,
1999.
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THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF

1999
The act provides for a comprehensive air pollution control
policy and for other purposes, such as the filing of an
administrative action against violators of the standards or
limitations set by the act or any order, rule, or regulation
issued by the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR) regarding such standard or limitation, as
well as the imposition of fines and penalties
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THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF

1999
The seven-chapter act contains provisions for basic air
quality policies, air quality management, air pollution
clearances and permits for stationary sources, and pollution
standards for the three sources of air pollutants
(stationary sources, motor vehicles, and other
sources).
CWTS 10013
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THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF

1999
One important section (Sec. 24)
prohibits smoking in public places (buildings,
enclosed places, vehicles, or enclosed areas
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The DENR is the primary government agency

responsible for the implementation and enforcement of
this act, but it shall consult, participate, cooperate, and
enter into agreement with other government agencies,
or with affected nongovernmental organizations
(NGOs) or people’s organizations (POs), or private
enterprises.
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Local government units (LGUs) shall,

likewise, share the responsibility in the
management and maintenance of air
quality within their territorial jurisdiction.
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AIR
POLLUTANTS
any substances in air that could harm humans,
animals, vegetation, or materials when they occur
in sufficient concentration.
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PRIMARY
POLLUTANTS
emitted directly from sources
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SECONDARY
POLLUTANTS
produced in the air by an interaction between
two or more primary pollutants, with or without
sunlight.
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POLLUTANTS
Based on the World Bank report, there are more
than 100 identified air pollutants, and
they are categorized into particulates of various
sizes, oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), and ozone (O). Noise
and odor are also considered pollutants
CWTS 10013
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In the Philippines, the sources of air pollution are

of three kinds: (1) mobile sources consisting of
transports, such as buses, cars, and motorcycles;
(2) stationary sources comprising industries and
power plants, and (3) area sources like road dust,
construction, and burning.
CWTS 10013
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FOR EVERYONE
1. As much as possible, walk or ride
your bicycle instead of taking
motorized transport.
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FOR EVERYONE
2. Report smoke belchers to the
MMDA, LTO, and other appropriate
local government units and
organizations.
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FOR EVERYONE
3. Spread the word about the ban or
smoking in public places.
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UNIT 4:

WATER
RESOURCE AND
POLLUTION
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WATER AS A
VITAL ECOSYSTEM RESOURCE
Water is vital to the sustenance of all forms of
life on earth. There is no substitute for fresh
water, and its depletion in quantity and quality
has an all-encompassing effect not only
on society but also on the country’s economy
and on its ecology.
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Water plays a significant role for sustainable

development, including poverty reduction.
The ever-increasing use, abuse of, and competition
for precious water resources have
intensified over the past years, resulting in water
shortages, water quality degradation, and aquatic
ecosystem destruction, all of which are now seriously
affecting prospects for social and economic
development, political stability, and ecosystem
integrity.
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PROBLEMS IN WATER
RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
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WATER SCARCITY
The Philippines is one of the most populous countries in Asia
and the world. While most of the population still resides in
the rural areas, urban migration has increased steadily,
and urbanization is adding pressure in providing water
supplies. Supplying water to an urban center whose
population is rapidly expanding requires the installation of
more expensive and sophisticated water facilities since
water must be derived from distant areas.
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WATER SCARCITY
There are nine water-critical urbanized areas in the
Philippines where water is
consumed intensively:
Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, Davao, Baguio City,
Angeles City, Bacolod City, Iloilo City, Cagayan
de Oro City, and Zamboanga City.
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WATER SCARCITY
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WATER POLLUTION
About half of the world’s 500 major rivers and all rivers
running through Asian cities are badly polluted. The sources
of water pollutants are domestic sewage, industrial
wastewater, agricultural runoff, stormwater runoff, and
naturally occurring sources.
CWTS 10013
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WATER POLLUTION
About half of the world’s 500 major rivers and all rivers
running through Asian cities are badly polluted. The sources
of water pollutants are domestic sewage, industrial
wastewater, agricultural runoff, stormwater runoff, and
naturally occurring sources.
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DEGRADATION OF
WATERSHEDS
Many major basins are now in critical
condition because of over-exploitation and mismanagement, and
their degradation has resulted in accelerated soil erosion, surface
runoff, siltation of dams and reservoirs, poor water quality, flash
flooding, prolonged drought, and other ecosystem imbalances.
Most of the watershed reservations are also degraded after
having been subjected to various forms of cultivation and
settlement
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POOR CONDITION OF
CORAL REEFS
Avelino reports that the latest inventory of the
country’s coral reef areas of about 27,000 km2 shows that only
4.3 percent of the reefs are in excellent condition. Almost one-
third of all fish species live on the reefs, while 55 percent of the
country’s fish consumption depends on them and on seagrass
beds at various stages in their life cycles.
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MAINTENANCE OF
GOOD
WATER QUALITY
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TO ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY AND

SUSTAINABILITY OF FRESHWATER, THE
FOLLOWING COUNTERMEASURES HAVE TO BE
INSTITUTED:
water conservation at home, in
schools, at the offices, and other
places
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TO ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY AND

SUSTAINABILITY OF FRESHWATER, THE
FOLLOWING COUNTERMEASURES HAVE TO BE
INSTITUTED:
increasing the efficiency of irrigation
systems
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TO ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY AND

SUSTAINABILITY OF FRESHWATER, THE
FOLLOWING COUNTERMEASURES HAVE TO BE
INSTITUTED:
safeguarding all wetlands from
destructive activities
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TO ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY AND

SUSTAINABILITY OF FRESHWATER, THE
FOLLOWING COUNTERMEASURES HAVE TO BE
INSTITUTED:
development of crop varieties that
need less water and those that are
drought-resistant
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TO ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY AND

SUSTAINABILITY OF FRESHWATER, THE
FOLLOWING COUNTERMEASURES HAVE TO BE
INSTITUTED:
large-scale reforestation of denuded
watersheds
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TO ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY AND

SUSTAINABILITY OF FRESHWATER, THE
FOLLOWING COUNTERMEASURES HAVE TO BE
INSTITUTED:
cleaner production in industries
(recycling wastewater, good
housekeeping)
CWTS 10013
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WATERWAY
STEWARDSHIP
Waterway Stewardship is an application of the theory of
governance to the concrete condition of NCR waterways:
consolidation of various efforts and initiatives from the
government, private sector and the civil society toward
rehabilitation and preservation of
waterways and its environs.
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REASONS FOR
STEWARDSHIP
✔ Instill sense of individual and
collective accountability
✔ Make efficient and effective use
of resources
✔ Save the environment
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PHASES OF WATERWAY
STEWARDSHIP
Groundworking
Community Organizing
Capacity Building
Mobilization
Waterway Convergence
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UNIT 5:

COPING WITH
CLIMATE CHANGE
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CLIMATE CHANGE
primarily caused by the accumulation of
greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, trapping heat of the sun
commonly known as the greenhouse
effect.
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GREENHOUSE EFFECT
the warming that happens when certain
gases in Earth’s atmosphere
trap heat. These gases heat from
escaping, like the glass walls of a
greenhouse that is why it
is called greenhouse effect.
CWTS 10013
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ADAPTATION
refers to the adjustment in natural or
human systems in response to actual or
expected climatic stimuli or their effects,
which moderates harm or exploits
beneficial opportunities
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MITIGATION
pertains to human intervention that
address anthropogenic or human-induced
emissions by sources and
removal of all greenhouse gases, including
ozone-depleting substances such as carbon
dioxide and carbon monoxide
CWTS 10013
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The Philippine government

created the Climate Change
Commission through Republic
Act 9729 otherwise known as
the Climate Change Act of
2009.
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CLIMATE CHANGE
COMMISSION
the sole policy-making body of the
government tasked to coordinate,
monitor, and evaluate action plans of the
government related to climate
change.
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The Commission is also tasked to formulate the

National Framework Strategy on Climate Change and
the National Climate Change Action Plan. The National
Framework Strategy on Climate Change is a technical
document which is the basis to protect vulnerable
communities from the adverse effects of climate
change.
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USE RENEWABLE
ENERGY SOURCES
If you have the means, have
solar panels installed in your
home to provide some of your
electricity needs. Use electricity
coming from renewable
sources such as wind,
geothermal or hydro, if
available in your place.
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PATRONIZE
RECYCLED
PRODUCTS
Buy recycled products
and actively help create a
market for them. Before you
buy an item, check if the
product or its packaging is
recyclable.
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Buy less, use less and re-use as

much as possible.
 Books and Modules
Avelino, Larry. “Water Resources Management.” Environmental Modules for Project ECOCORPS, PATLEPAM.
Bucao, Avelina C., et.al. Modules in National Service Training Program-Civic Welfare Training Service, Copyright 2008
Jacolbia, R.B.; Perez, E.L.A.; Pada, A.G. 2020. Instructional Materials for CWTS 10013 – Civic Welfare Training Service 1. Polytechnic University of the Philippines.
Teves, Lailanie G., et. al. Modules on Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS).

Website References
“CLEAN AIR ACT - Republic Act 8749.” Grupong Sagip. 2003. 26 Apr. 2007; http://www.gbgm-umc.org/Grupongsagip/cleanair.htm
Kjellstrom, T., L. van Kerkhoff, G. Bamme "Comparative Assessment of Transport Risks –
How It Can Contribute to Heath Impact Assessment of Transport Policies," Bulletin of the
World Health Organization 81 (6) (2003). qtd. in “Philippines.” U.S. Department of Energy.
Clean Cities. 12 Jul. 2005. 26 Apr. 2007; http://www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/philippines.html
Mogato, Manny. “Philippines Toughening Air Pollution Standards.” Planet Ark. Reuters
News Service. 23 Nov. 2005. 26 Apr. 2007; http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/33612/story.htm
“Philippines Environment Monitor 2002.” The World Bank Group. Nov. 2002. 23 Apr. 2007; http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/Philippines2002
“Philippines Toughening Air Pollution Standards.” Planet Ark. Today’s Environment News.
Reuters News Service. 26 Apr. 2007; http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/Philippines2002.pdf.
“The Key to Sustainable Water Management and Poverty Eradication.” UNDP/Energy
Environment. 24 Apr. 2007; http://www.undp.org/water/about_us.html.
The National Water Resources Board of the Philippines. “National Water Resources Board
Strategic Planning and Management of Integrated Water Resources Management in the
Philippines.” 24 Apr. 2007; http://www.unescap.org/esd/Water/publications/water/wrs/85/08%20WRS-
“Wanted: A Breath of Fresh Air.” World Bank. 26 Apr. 2007; http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPHILIPPINES/Resources/Pages1-20.pdf

Prepared by:

INSTR. JOEY T. DANTING

Faculty
DESEd-CoEd
CWTS-NSTP