Physical measurement
The objectives:
By the end of this session the student should be :
1. Define the measurement.
2. Differentiate between the fundamental and
derived physical quantities.
3. Name the tools used in measurement in the
past and now.
4. State the historical system of units.
Measurement:
Comparing an unknown quantity with another quantity of its
kind to find out how many times the first includes the second.
Student book page (2)
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Student book page (2)
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Student book page (2)
1. The physical quantity:
Fundamental physical quantities Derived physical quantities
They are the physical quantities that can’t be They are the physical quantities that can be
defined in terms of other physical quantities. defined in terms of other physical
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quantities.
Ex: length, mass, time, temperature, Amount Ex: Area , volume, speed.
of material, light intensity, Electric current
intensity.
Area = Length X Length
Volume = Length X Length X Length
Speed = Length / Time Student book page (3)
Student book page (3)
2. Measuring tools:
In past times man used:
- Parts of his body to measure the length
as (arm, foot, had span).
- Natural phenomena to measure the time
as (moon phases, sunset, sunrise).
Student book page (5)
2. Measuring tools:
Some modern and ancient measuring tools: ( Length )
Meter tape Ruler
Vernier caliper Micrometer
Student book page (5)
2. Measuring tools:
Some modern and ancient measuring tools: ( Mass )
Digital Analog Beam Roman
balance scale balance scale
Student book page (5)
2. Measuring tools:
Some modern and ancient measuring tools: ( Time )
Clock Digital clock Hourglass Stop watch
Student book page (5)
Student book page (5)
3. Measuring units:
There are four unit systems :
1. The French system.(the Gaussian system)(C.G.S)
2. The British system. (F.P.S)
3. The metric system. (M.K.S)
4. The modern metric system (the international system) (SI).
Student book page (6)
3. Measuring units:
There are four unit systems :
The French system The British system The metric system
(the Gaussian system)(C.G.S) (F.P.S) (M.K.S)
Length Centimeter Foot Meter
Mass Gram Pound Kilogram
Time Second Second Second
Student book page (6)
Student book page (6)
3. Measuring units:
The fundamental units of the international system:
The physical quantity The unit
Length (L) Meter (m)
Mass (M) Kilogram (kg)
Time (T) Second (s)
The absolute temperature (T) Kelvin (K)
Amount of material (n) Mole (mol)
Luminous intensity (Iv) Candela (cd)
Electric current intensity (I) Ampere(A)
Student book page (7)
3. Measuring units:
- Then we add two:
The physical quantity The unit
Angle measurement Radian (rad)
Solid angle measure Steradian
Student book page (7)
Student book page (7)
Exercise:
1. A derived quantity of the following is ……….
a) Length b) mass
c) time d) velocity
d) velocity
2. The unit of measuring mass in the British system is the
…………
a) Gram b) pound
b) pound
c) kilogram d) ton
Exercise:
3. Which of the following is an SI base unit?
a) Current b) gram
c)
c) kelvin
Kelvin d) volt
4.In the international system of units, the ampere is the
unit of ………..
a)a) Electric
Electric current
current intensity
intensity b) electric charge
c) Length d) luminous intensity
Standard units:
1. The standard length (the meter) :
It is the distance between two engraved marks at the ends
of a rod made of platinum and Iridium alloy kept at 0⁰C
at the International Bureau of weights and measures
near Paris.
Student book page (6)
Student book page (6)
Standard units:
2. The standard mass (the kilogram):
It is the mass of a cylinder made of
Platinum and Iridium alloy of specific
dimension kept at 0⁰C.
at the International Bureau of weights and measures
near Paris.
- The standard kilogram is used to calibrate the unit of
measuring mass (the kilogram).
Student book page (7)
Standard units:
3. The standard time (The second):
- In past times the second = of the
average solar day.
- Now the scientists use the atomic clock (cesium clock).
The second:
It is interval of time spent by the cesium (Cs) to emit a
certain number of waves.
Student book page (7)
Student book page (7)
The scientific notation:
Metric multipliers:
