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Module 4 2

The document discusses the working principle of a DC generator. It explains that a DC generator generates an electromagnetic force (EMF) through Faraday's law of induction as the armature conductors rotate through a magnetic field produced by field coils. A commutator is needed to rectify the alternating induced voltage into a direct voltage that can be delivered to an external load. Equations are provided to calculate the generated EMF based on factors like number of poles, flux per pole, number of conductors, rotational speed, and whether the generator has a lap or wave winding. Examples are included to demonstrate using the equations.

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Atharva Khadse
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18 views

Module 4 2

The document discusses the working principle of a DC generator. It explains that a DC generator generates an electromagnetic force (EMF) through Faraday's law of induction as the armature conductors rotate through a magnetic field produced by field coils. A commutator is needed to rectify the alternating induced voltage into a direct voltage that can be delivered to an external load. Equations are provided to calculate the generated EMF based on factors like number of poles, flux per pole, number of conductors, rotational speed, and whether the generator has a lap or wave winding. Examples are included to demonstrate using the equations.

Uploaded by

Atharva Khadse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTRICAL MACHINES

By Dr. M. Chinna Obaiah,


Assistant Professor (Sr), SELECT, VIT Vellore.
AC Generator

DC Generator
Working Principle Of A DC Generator
 According to Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, whenever a conductor is
placed in a varying magnetic field (OR a conductor is moved in a magnetic field), an emf
(electromotive force) gets induced in the conductor.
 The magnitude of induced emf can be calculated from the emf equation of dc generator.
 If the conductor is provided with a closed path, the induced current will circulate within
the path.
 In a DC generator, field coils produce an electromagnetic field and the armature
conductors are rotated into the field.
 Thus, an electromagnetically induced emf is generated in the armature conductors.
 The direction of induced current is given by Fleming’s right hand rule.
Working Principle Of A DC Generator
Need of a Split ring commutator:

 Voltage induced in the armature winding is alternating in nature.


 The armature winding is connected to rotating commutator which rectifies the induced
voltage to unidirectional voltage (but pulsating).
 The brushes which are connected to the armature winding, ride on commutator collect
the current from the commutator and deliver it to the external load circuit
Generated EMF
Let
number of poles
flux/pole, Webers (Wb),
total number of armature conductors,
= number of slots x number of conductors per slots,
N = rotational speed of armature, r.p.m,
a = number of parallel paths in armature, and
generated e.m.f. per parallel path in armature.

Average e.m.f. generated per conductor = .


Now, flux cut per conductor in one revolution, Wb.
Number of revolutions/second = .
i.e. Time for one revolution, .
Hence, according to Faraday’s law electromagnetic induction,
E.m.f. generated for conductor =.
Therefore, E.m.f generated for parallel path, .
Generated EMF (contd.,)
For lap wound generator:
Number of parallel paths, a = p,
Number of conductors (in series) in one path = .
Therefore, E.m.f generated for parallel path, volt.

For wave wound generator:


Number of parallel paths, a = 2,
Number of conductors (in series) in one path = .
Therefore, E.m.f generated for parallel path, volt.

In general, generated e.m.f.


volt
Where a = p for lap winding
=2 for wave winding.
Example: A four-pole generator, having lap-wound armature winding has 51 slot, each slot
containing 20 conductors. What will be the voltage generated in the machine when driven
at 1500 r.p.m assuming the flux per pole to be 7 mWb.?

Solution:

The EMF equation is

Where
Example: An 8 pole Dc generator has 500 armature conductors, and a useful flux of
0.05Wb per pole. what will be the emf generated if it is lap-connected and runs at 1200
rpm? What must be the speed at which it is to be driven produce the same emf if it is
wave-wound?

Solution:
The EMF equation is

Where

With wave-wound
DC generators are classified based on how their fields are excited (i.e. produced).

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