This document summarizes research on the use of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) as a feed supplement for small ruminants like goats and sheep. Studies found that including low doses of SCGs (30-100g/kg) in the diets of dairy goats and sheep had benefits like increased antioxidant levels, higher milk production, and no negative impacts on health. Specifically, one Italian study on dairy goats saw increased blood antioxidant capacity and decreased eosinophil levels from SCG inclusion, with no impacts on milk composition. A Spanish study on Latxa sheep similarly found increased ruminal bacteria and higher milk fat and protein yields from SCGs. Further research is still needed to determine optimal dosing levels and
This document summarizes research on the use of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) as a feed supplement for small ruminants like goats and sheep. Studies found that including low doses of SCGs (30-100g/kg) in the diets of dairy goats and sheep had benefits like increased antioxidant levels, higher milk production, and no negative impacts on health. Specifically, one Italian study on dairy goats saw increased blood antioxidant capacity and decreased eosinophil levels from SCG inclusion, with no impacts on milk composition. A Spanish study on Latxa sheep similarly found increased ruminal bacteria and higher milk fat and protein yields from SCGs. Further research is still needed to determine optimal dosing levels and
This document summarizes research on the use of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) as a feed supplement for small ruminants like goats and sheep. Studies found that including low doses of SCGs (30-100g/kg) in the diets of dairy goats and sheep had benefits like increased antioxidant levels, higher milk production, and no negative impacts on health. Specifically, one Italian study on dairy goats saw increased blood antioxidant capacity and decreased eosinophil levels from SCG inclusion, with no impacts on milk composition. A Spanish study on Latxa sheep similarly found increased ruminal bacteria and higher milk fat and protein yields from SCGs. Further research is still needed to determine optimal dosing levels and
This document summarizes research on the use of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) as a feed supplement for small ruminants like goats and sheep. Studies found that including low doses of SCGs (30-100g/kg) in the diets of dairy goats and sheep had benefits like increased antioxidant levels, higher milk production, and no negative impacts on health. Specifically, one Italian study on dairy goats saw increased blood antioxidant capacity and decreased eosinophil levels from SCG inclusion, with no impacts on milk composition. A Spanish study on Latxa sheep similarly found increased ruminal bacteria and higher milk fat and protein yields from SCGs. Further research is still needed to determine optimal dosing levels and
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Affo-goat-o: How Spent
Coffee Grounds Impact
Small Ruminant Health and Dairy Production By: Rachel Halpern Graduation Year: 2027 Team A Byproduct Feeds
● Byproduct Feed ○ Byproducts of human food ○ Brewer’s Grain ● Need for Feed ○ Digestible (Westendorf, 2011)
○ Cost effective ○ Sustainable ○ Health ○ Palatability (“Goat Nutrition,” n.d.) ● Dairy Animals ○ Energy requirements ○ Important subjects Page, J. (n.d.). Goats, Grains, and Beer. Retrieved from https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/longform/goats-grains-and- beer-how-microbreweries-are-setting-roots-in-quebecs- small-towns/. Spent Coffee Grounds (SCGs)
6,000,000 tons of SCGs generated
annually ● release greenhouse gases ○ Methane (Franca, A. S. and Oliveira, L. S., 2022). ○ CO2 ● While ruminants emit gas, SCGs can potentially reduce their methane emissions ● In-vitro study on bovine ruminal fluid ○ IVDMD tested, both raw and ensiled SCGs (Batbekh, B et al., 2023) Boyles, M. (2024). Photo credit: pixabay. 15 Uses for Coffee and Coffee Grounds. Retrieved from https://www.almanac.com/coffee. Small Ruminant Gastrointestinal System
(“Digestive system,” n.d.)
Digestive Tract of the Goat.
(2019). Goat Nutrition GI Tract. Retrieved 2024, from https://goats.extension.org/goat- nutrition-gi-tract/.
Rumen Fermentation→ production of VFAs
Passes heavier, fermented food particles to the omasum; has a honeycomb
Results ● Positive impact on blood antioxidant status ○ reduced likelihood of oxidative stress ● Dairy Production stays the Peterson, A. (2022). Goats eat on a farm at the Blakesville Creamery in Port Washington. A glance at Blakesville same Creamery, where goats and cheese go together. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. ● Lower doses→ better
(Carta et al., 2022)
Production Measures
Milk Analysis ● Antioxidants weeks 1, 2, and 5 ○ 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) ○ Malondialdehyde (MDA) ○ Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) ● Milk components ○ Lactose ○ Fat ○ Production amount ○ Somatic cell count (SCC) ○ Urea^ ○ Sodium chloride^ Miller, T. (2022). Goat Surrounded by Dairy Products. The Benefits and Disadvantages of Goat Milk. Backyard Goats. Retrieved from https://backyardgoats.iamcountryside.com/home- dairy/benefits-disadvantages-of-goat-milk/.
● Palatable ● No impact on milk ● Increased blood protein, fat, lactose, oxidation capacity antioxidants ● Eosinophil percentage ● Low dose SCG decreased quadratically decreased SCC, high dose did not ● No alteration of enzymatic change it (quadratically) activity in liver or kidney ● Urea yield decreased linearly (caffeine) ● Increased FRAP, (Jordá et al., 1989) decreased MDA ● NaCl increased linearly
● Further Investigation Needed
○ Optimal dosing ○ Longer period of use ○ Certain results on the edge of normal (Carta et al., 2022) Study on Latxa Ewes in Spain
Experimental Design ● 48 sheep, 4 groups ● 0 g, 30g, 50 g, 100 g/kg SCG inclusion ● 51 days long ○ Body condition ○ Ruminal samples ○ Milk yield, composition
About Latxa Sheep. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.livestockoftheworld.com/sheep/Breeds.asp? (de Otálora et al., 2020) BreedLookupID=1443&SpeciesID=10. Results ● No impact on feeding behavior ● SCG increased milk yield ○ linear increase: milk protein and fat ○ fat and protein corrected milk: linear increase ● Increased Branched Chain VFAs ○ With 100g inclusion ○ Ruminal metabolism, energy conversion ○ Makes sense, as SCGs have high valine, leucine, isovaline ○ No significant change in SCFA ● Low inclusion suggested
Sowards, J. (2022). Goat Being Milked. How to Milk a Goat. Roots and Refuge. Retrieved from (de Otálora et al., 2020) https://rootsandrefuge.com/how-to-milk-a-goat/. Takeaways
● Dosing is key! ○ Decreased palatability at higher doses ○ Lower dose inclusion is key! ● Further research needed on ruminal health ○ BCVFAs and SCFAs ○ Is this really a causal relationship? ● Milk Production ○ Positive impact! ○ Fat ○ Protein
(de Otálora et al., 2020)
Thanks for Listening!
Chaudhury, N. (2017, July 13). A live goat is the star of this Austin coffee shop. Eater Austin. Retrieved
from https://austin.eater.com/2017/7/13/15964768/civil-goat-coffee-co-cafe-goat-mascot References Batbekh, B., Ahmed, E., Hanada, M., Fukuma, N., & Nishida, T. (2023). Assessment of the Impact of Coffee Waste as an Alternative Feed Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation and Methane Emissions in an In Vitro Study. Fermentation, 9(9), 858. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090858
Carta, S., Tsiplakou, E., Nicolussi, P., Pulina, G., & Nudda, A. (2022). Effects of spent coffee grounds on production traits, haematological parameters, and antioxidant activity of blood and milk in dairy goats. Animal, 16(4), 100501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2022.100501
de Otálora, X. D., Ruiz, R., Goiri, I., Rey, J., Atxaerandio, R., San Martin, D., Orive, M., Iñarra, B., Zufia, J., Urkiza, J., & García-Rodríguez, A. et al. (2020). valorisation of spent coffee grounds as functional feed ingredient improves productive performance of Latxa dairy ewes. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 264, 114461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114461
Digestive system of goats. CALS. (n.d.). https://cals.cornell.edu/nys-4-h-animal-science-programs/livestock/goats/goat-fact-sheets/
digestive-system-goats
Franca, A. S., & Oliveira, L. S. (2022). Potential Uses of Spent Coffee Grounds in the Food Industry. Foods, 11(14), 2064. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11142064
Goat Nutrition GI tract – Goats. (n.d.). Goats.extension.org. https://goats.extension.org/goat-nutrition-gi-tract/
Jordá, A., Portolés, M., Guasch, R., Bernal, D., & Saez, G. T. (1989). Effect of caffeine on urea biosynthesis and some related processes, ketone bodies, ATP and liver amino acids. Biochemical Pharmacology, 38(16), 2727–2732. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006- 2952(89)90560-1
Linn, A. J. (2021). The ruminant digestive system. Extension at the University of Minnesota. https://extension.umn.edu/dairy-nutrition/ruminant-digestive-system
Moran, J. (2005). How the rumen works - CSIRO publishing. https://www.publish.csiro.au/ebook/chapter/SA0501041
Rashid, M. (2008). Introduction - province of Manitoba. https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/livestock/goat/pubs/goats-and-their-
nutrition.pdf
Westendorf, MI. (2011). The use of byproduct feedstuffs to optimize growth, performance, and economics in ruminants - rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. https://portal.nifa.usda.gov/web/crisprojectpages/0164129-the-use-of-byproduct-feedstuffs-to-optimize- growth-performance-and-economics-in-ruminants.html Image References
About Latxa Sheep. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.livestockoftheworld.com/sheep/Breeds.asp?
BreedLookupID=1443&SpeciesID=10.
Boyles, M. (2024). Photo credit: pixabay. 15 Uses for Coffee and Coffee Grounds. Retrieved from https://www.almanac.com/coffee.
Chaudhury, N. (2017). A live goat is the star of this Austin coffee shop. Eater Austin. Retrieved from https://austin.eater.com/2017/7/13/15964768/civil-goat-coffee-co-cafe-goat-mascot Digestive Tract of the Goat. (2019). Goat Nutrition GI Tract. Retrieved 2024, from https://goats.extension.org/goat-nutrition-gi-tract/.
Drawing Blood From a Goat. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ironoakfarm.net/how-to-draw-blood-from-a-
goat/.
Miller, T. (2022). Goat Surrounded by Dairy Products. The Benefits and Disadvantages of Goat Milk. Backyard Goats. Retrieved from https://backyardgoats.iamcountryside.com/home-dairy/benefits-disadvantages-of-goat- milk/.
Page, J. (n.d.). Goats, Grains, and Beer. Retrieved from https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/longform/goats-
Peterson, A. (2022). Goats eat on a farm at the Blakesville Creamery in Port Washington. A glance at Blakesville Creamery, where goats and cheese go together. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
Sowards, J. (2022). Goat Being Milked. How to Milk a Goat. Roots and Refuge. Retrieved from https://rootsandrefuge.com/how-to-milk-a-goat/. Any Questions?
Chaudhury, N. (2017, July 13). A live goat is the star of this Austin coffee shop. Eater Austin. Retrieved
from https://austin.eater.com/2017/7/13/15964768/civil-goat-coffee-co-cafe-goat-mascot
El efecto de la lactancia después del ordeño mecánico sobre la producción de leche, la composición de la leche y el recuento de células somáticas en el ganado lechero
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