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    Chemie2023 Erdem Gerel Uchral

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    Uchral Erkhembayar
    This document discusses the structure of atoms. It begins by introducing atomic structure, isotopes, relative atomic masses, and radioactivity. It defines key terms like isotope, relative atomic mass (Ar), and half-life. It explains that atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons, making them isotopes. The relative atomic mass takes into account the natural abundances of isotopes when calculating average atomic mass. Some isotopes are radioactive and decay through nuclear fission at characteristic half-lives. Radioactive isotopes have medical and industrial uses like cancer treatment and nuclear power.

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    Chemie2023 Erdem Gerel Uchral

    Uploaded by

    Uchral Erkhembayar
    8 views21 pages
    This document discusses the structure of atoms. It begins by introducing atomic structure, isotopes, relative atomic masses, and radioactivity. It defines key terms like isotope, relative atomic mass (Ar), and half-life. It explains that atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons, making them isotopes. The relative atomic mass takes into account the natural abundances of isotopes when calculating average atomic mass. Some isotopes are radioactive and decay through nuclear fission at characteristic half-lives. Radioactive isotopes have medical and industrial uses like cancer treatment and nuclear power.

    Original Title

    CHEMIE2023-ERDEM-GEREL-UCHRAL(2)(1)

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    This document discusses the structure of atoms. It begins by introducing atomic structure, isotopes, relative atomic masses, and radioactivity. It defines key terms like isotope, relative atomic mass (Ar), and half-life. It explains that atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons, making them isotopes. The relative atomic mass takes into account the natural abundances of isotopes when calculating average atomic mass. Some isotopes are radioactive and decay through nuclear fission at characteristic half-lives. Radioactive isotopes have medical and industrial uses like cancer treatment and nuclear power.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    8 views21 pages

    Chemie2023 Erdem Gerel Uchral

    Uploaded by

    Uchral Erkhembayar
    This document discusses the structure of atoms. It begins by introducing atomic structure, isotopes, relative atomic masses, and radioactivity. It defines key terms like isotope, relative atomic mass (Ar), and half-life. It explains that atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons, making them isotopes. The relative atomic mass takes into account the natural abundances of isotopes when calculating average atomic mass. Some isotopes are radioactive and decay through nuclear fission at characteristic half-lives. Radioactive isotopes have medical and industrial uses like cancer treatment and nuclear power.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    2.

    4 The structure of the


    atom-Атомын бүтэц
    What will we learn in this chapter?

    01
    Atomic structure
    02
    Isotopes
    Aтомын бүтэц ИЗОТОП

    03
    Relative atomic masses
    04
    Radioactivity
    Харьцангуй атом масс
    ЦАЦРАГ ИДЭВХТ
    ЦАЦРАЛ
    New Words:
    Indivisible-хуваагдашгүй
    Characteristics-Онцлог шинж чанарууд
    Relative atomic mass-Харьцангуй атомын масс
    Feature-Онцлог
    Nucleus-Цөм
    Substantial-Их хэмжээний
    Vary-Өөр өөр
    аяндаа
    Spontaneously-аяндаа
    01 Atomic structure
    THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
    ELECTRON
    :
    Symbol 𝐸
    -
    Discovered -J. J. Thomson
    (1897)
    PROTON: 5 protons
    Symbol- +
    Z 10 neutrons
    Discovered-J.J.Thomson

    NEUTRON:
    Symbol- A

    Discovered-James Chadwick
    (1932)
    For proton number and nucleon number we have:
    • proton (atomic) number (Z) This is the
    This is the mass symbol for
    = number of protons in the nucleus number, the number helium
    of protons and
    • nucleon (mass) number (A) neutrons together.
    = number of protons + number of neutron 4
    These two relationships are useful:
    • number of electrons = number of protons 2
    HE
    = atomic (proton) number
    • number of neutrons This is the atomic
    = nucleon number - proton number number[proton number]

    =A-Z
    ELEMENT INFORMATION

    Number-Дэс дугаар 26 55.845 Atomic mass-


    Атом масс

    Symbol-Тэмдэг

    Element name-
    Fe
    Iron
    7.874
    g/cm³ Density-Нягт

    Элементийн нэр
    Melting point- 1,811o 3,134o Boiling point-
    Хайлах цэг Буцлах цэг
    ICON PACK: PERIODIC TABLE
    Isotopes 02
    Most elements exist naturally as a
    mixture of isotopes.
    Therefore, the value we use for the
    atomic mass of an element is an
    average mass. This takes into account
    the proportions (abundance) of all the
    naturally occurring isotopes. This
    average value for the mass of an atom
    of an element is known as the relative
    atomic mass (Ar).
    Key definition
    isotopes - atoms of the same element which have the same proton
    number but a different nucleon number.
    • The atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, but
    different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.
    • Isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties
    because they have the same electron structure.
    • Some isotopes have unstable nuclei; they are radioisotopes and
    emit various forms of radiation.
    VIDEO TUTORIAL

    If you didn’t
    understand
    well. Here is https://
    youtu.be/
    a video 42gUZNYco
    0c?
    guide for si=xpc5tPDD
    you. cW-GrgNG
    03
    Relative atomic masses
    Key definition:
    relative atomic mass (A) - the average mass of naturally occurring
    atoms of an element on a scale where the carbon-12 atom has a
    mass of exactly
    12 units.
    The relative atomic mass is the average mass of
    an element's atoms, taking into account the
    proportions of all the naturally occurring
    isotopes. It is calculated by considering the
    abundance of each isotope. If a certain isotope
    is present in a higher proportion, it will have a
    greater impact on the overall average. The
    relative atomic mass is denoted by the symbol
    Ar.
    The relative atomic mass of
    chlorine can be calculated by
    finding the total mass of 100
    atoms:
    mass of 100 atoms = (35×75)
    + (37×25)
    = 3550
    So, the relative atomic mass
    of chlorine is 35.5.
    04
    RADIOACTIVITY
    Radioactivity
    Some elements have unstable isotopes, such as tritium and
    carbon-14. The extra neutrons in their nuclei cause them to
    disintegrate or decay spontaneously.
    This is radioactivity and takes place through nuclear fission.

    The uses of radioactivity


    Radioactive dating
    Each radioactive isotope decays at its own rate.
    However, the time taken for the radioactivity in a sample to
    halve is constant for a particular radio-isotope. This time is
    called the half-life.
    Industrial uses of radioisotopes
    Despite the need to handle them with strict
    safety precautions, radioactive isotopes
    are widely used in industry and medicine.
    Most important is the use of an isotope of
    uranium, 235U, in nuclear power stations.

    Medical and food-safety uses of radioisotopes:


    Radioisotopes have various applications, including
    medical and food safety uses. In medicine, their
    ability to damage sensitive biological cells,
    especially those that are growing and dividing, is
    leveraged for therapeutic purposes. Cancer cells,
    characterized by uncontrolled growth, are a key
    target for such radiation-based treatments.
    Answer the questions
    Questions:
    2.16 What are the relative masses of a proton, neutron and
    electron given that a proton has a mass of 1?
    2.17 How many protons, neutrons and electrons are there in an
    atom of phosphorus, which has a proton number of 15 and a
    nucleon number of 31?
    2.18 What is the difference in terms of subatomic particles
    between an atom of chlorine-35 and an atom of chlorine-37?
    2.19 Give one medical and one industrial use of radioactivity.
    HOMEWORK:

    +RESEARCH ABOUT URANIUM


    +TELL INFORMATION ABOUT URANIUM TO YOUR FRIENDS AND
    CLASSMATES.
    GOOD LUCK WITH YOUR HOMEWORK

    THANK YOU FOR


    YOUR ATTENTION<3

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