21 Century Literature

st

Presented by: ELIZABETH A.

ABASTA
GRAPHIC, LINGUISTIC, AND
ETHNIC DIMENSIONS OF
PHILIPPINE LITERARY
HISTORY
 Objectives

Define literature from Understand literature from Make a graphical timeline

various writers pre-colonial to focusing on how the
contemporary periods literature for each literary
period is proliferated
 Pre-test
1. The “putong” is a pre -
colonial ornament which may
signify that the wearer has
killed someone.
A. True
B. False
 Pre-test
2. The early Filipinos live in
scattered barangay governed by
a chieftain which they call rajah
or datu.
A. True
B. False
 Pre-test
It is a body of work, either written,
oral, or visual, containing imaginative
language that realistically portrays
thought, emotions, and experiences of
the human condition.
A. Pre-colonial Literature
B. Philippine Literature
C. Literature
D. World Literature
 Pre-test
The period of time before
colonization of a region or territory.

A. Colonial
B. Pre-colonial
C. Pre-history
D. Post-colonia
Specific Objectives

• Define literature
• Role of Literature in the
National Development
• Functions of literature
 What is Literature?
Literature
• The expression of man’s best thoughts, feelings and emotions in words
of truth and beauty

• Derived from the Latin “litera” which means letter.

• It is the profession of an author; production of writings,

especially of imaginative prose, verse, etc.
 What is Literature?
Literature
• It refers to all writings in prose or verse, especially those of an
imaginative or critical character, without regard to their excellence; often
distinguished from scientific writing, news reporting, etc.
• It is all about writings considered as having permanent
value, excellence form, great emotional effect, etc.
• It includes all the writings of a particular time, country,
region, specifically those regarded as having lasting value
because of their beauty, imagination, etc.
 Role of Literature in the National Development

1 2 3
It plays a Promoting It tells
vital role in and civilization
our society. preserving in a form
our rich other than
culture and straight facts.
values
 Functions of Literature

1 2 3 4

Literature helps us Literature helps us Literature shapes our

grow both develop mature goals and values by Literature us shape
personally and sensibility and helping us clarify our our judgments
intellectually compassion for the own identities through the
condition of all comparison of the
living things good and bad
Functions of Literature

5
Literature enabless
us to develop a
perspective on the
events that occur
around us and the
world
 Philippine Literature

Doctrina
Philippine Literature Spanish
Language Christiana
Includes the
legends of 1953
prehistory and the
colonial legacy of
the Philippines
which are written
in both indigenous Librong Successos Felices 1937
and Hispanic Pagaaralan nang the first news
languages mga Tagalog nang
publication
Wikang Castila
By
Tomas Pinpin Designed to help
Filipinos learn the
Spanish language in a
simple way
 Philippine Literature in English

1901 Public
Philippine Literature in Education was Thomasites as
English institutionalized first teachers
Has its roots from
the efforts of the
United States, then
engaged in a war
with Filipino
nationalist forces Bloosoming of English
at the end 19th
century Availability of materials 1900s
books and
newspapers in
English
Founding of the
newspaper written in
English
 The Literature under Spanish Colonialism 1565-1897)

POETRY PROSE DRAMA

PASYON URBANA AT PANUNULUYAN

CORRIDOS AND FELISA by Fr. SINAKULO
AWIT Modesto de Castro SALUBONG
KOMEDYA LAGDA MORIONES
FESTIVAL
TIBAG OR SANTA
CRUZAN
PANGALULUWA
CARILLO
 The Literature under US Colonialism 1894-1941

TAGALOG AND VERNACULAR

SPANISH WRITERS ENGLISH WRITERS
WRITERS

FERNANDO MA. JOSE CORAZON DE JESUS • The period of Transition

GUERERO LOPE K. SANTOS
and learning (1900-
JOSE PALMA ALEJANDRO ABADILA
1935)
CECILIO ARMADO V. HERNANDEZ • The period of
APOSTOL MAGDALENA JALANDONI
emergence and
JESUS BALMORI
Zarzuela recognition (1936-
MANUEL
Balagtasan 1960)
BERNABE • The period of diversity
Bobadil
and re-examination
(1961-present
 The Literature under US Colonialism 1894-1941

TRANSITION TRANSITION TRANSITION

story Writers Poets Novelist

PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ MARCELO DE ZOILO
JORGE BOCOBO GRACIA GALANG
LORETO PARAS SULIT CONCEPCION MAXIMO
AURELIO KALAW
ALVARO
FERNANDO
MARAMAG
FRANCISCO
TONOGBANUA
 The Literature under US Colonialism 1894-1941

EMERGENCE & EMERGENCE & EMERGENCE &

RECOGNITION RECOGNITION RECOGNITION

Commonwealth MANUEL E. JUAN C. LAYA for his novel

Literary Awards of ARGUILLA for his Hos Native Soil
1940 short story How My N.V.M. Gonzales for The Winds
SALVADOR P. Brother Leon of April
Brought Home a RAFAEL ZULUETA de Costa
LOPEZ –essay
Wife for the poem Like the Molave
Literature and
ESTRELLA D. JOSE VILLA for Poems by
Society
ALFON for Doveglion
Collection of Short
Stories
 The Literature under US Colonialism 1894-1941

DIVERSITY & RE-

ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS WRITER’S ORGANIZATION
EXAMINATION

Where creative Periodically Poets

writing is part of TRINIDAD AND
the curricular ABELARDO SUBIDO
offerings JOSE GARCIA VILLA
HILARIO FRANCIA,
CIRILO F. BAUTISTA
 Modern Literature (1986-present)

ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS WRITER’S ORGANIZATION Award winning Body

Where creative Periodically sponsor CARLOS PALANCA

writing is a part symposia on writing and set AWARDS IN
of curricular up workshops for its LITERATURE
offerings members and the other
interested parties
 Modern Literature
Literary works about revolution

Entry of marginalized authors, genres and themes

Emergence of women writing

 Modern Literature
Feminist criticism

Validation of writings of peasants, workers

Tragic stuff of much poetry, fiction and drama

 Modern Literature
The meritorious writings of the lesbians and
gays

Developing thrusts towards the retrieval and the

recuperation of writings in Philippine languages
other than Tagalog

Tragic stuff of much poetry, fiction and drama

 Philippine Literature during pre-Colonial Period

01 02 03

FOLK SPEECHES METAPHORS PROVERBS &

Riddles TANAGA
 Riddles
Ania ti pinarsua iti Dios a balin suec a maturog? (Iloc.)
What thing that God made sleep with its head down?
Answer: Paniki/Bat

Uppat iti adiguina, maysa iti baotna, dua iti

paypayna, dua iti boning na. (Ioc.)
Four posts, one whip, two fans, and two bolos.
Answer: Carabao

Magmagna ni inam sangsangitam

While the mother is walking the child is crying
Answer: Burias/Piglet
 Metaphors
Parallel to the riddle is the talinghaga or metaphor
because it “reveals subtle resemblances between
two unlike objects” and one’s power of
observation and acumen are put to the test

A metaphor refers to a meaning or identity

ascribed to one subject by way of another.

“Juan was a lion on the battlefield “

 Proverbs
Salawikain/sawikain in Tagalog and sarsarita in
Ilocano) OR aphorisms express norms or codes of
behavior, and community belief.

Proverbs instill values by offering nuggets of

wisdom using short, rhyming verse

• Don’t
A person
Marriage
No bread who
is
is too
empty notdoes
the justnot
hard
wateraforremember
porridge
jarwarm where
until coffee
that
the she/he
spit outcame
youfalls.
rain if it’sfrom will
too hot
never reach his/her destination.
 Proverbs
Salawikain/sawikain in Tagalog and sarsarita in
Ilocano) OR aphorisms express norms or codes of
behavior, and community belief.

Proverbs instill values by offering nuggets of

wisdom using short, rhyming verse

•• Ti
Ti agmula,
kamatis,agapit
di agbunga ti mangga
He whotomato
• The sows, reaps
plant .doesn’t grow mangos
 Tanaga
It is a type of Filipino poem, consisting of four
lines with seven syllables, each with the same
rhyme at the end of each line.

WALANG MALAY TUNAY NA SAKIT

Ang ulan ay pag-asa, Minumura ng ilan,
Sa mga magsasaka At nilalapastangan,
At sikmura ng bansa, Habagat ba’ng dahilan
Bakit tingi’y pinsala? Baha sa kapatagan?
 Tanaga
It is a type of Filipino poem, consisting of four
lines with seven syllables, each with the same
rhyme at the end of each line.

INOSENTE NILILIYAG
Nagtampong kalikasan Ang kanyang tinging
Sa kurakot ng bayan titig,
Ang walang kasalanan Sa sintang iniibig,
Ang pinaghigantihan. Ay luksong malalagkit,
May alab din ng init.
Thank you for Listening
What is the definition of literature?
a. A collection of words written in a book
b. The study of written works such as novels, poems, and
plays
c. The act of writing stories and sharing them with others
d. The process of analyzing and interpreting written works
Which of the following is NOT a form of literature?
a. Novel
b. Painting
c. Poem
d. Play
What is the main purpose of literature?
a. To entertain readers
b. To provide information and facts
c. To persuade and convince readers
d. To express ideas and emotions
Which of the following is an example of non-fiction
literature?
a. Science fiction novel
b. Biography
c. Fantasy poem
d. Mystery play
How does literature reflect society?
a. By portraying fictional characters and events
b. By exploring universal themes and human experiences
c. By creating imaginary worlds and settings
d. By entertaining readers with imaginative storytelling
What has cities but no houses, forests but no trees, and rivers
but no water?
a. A map
b. A globe
c. A dream
d. An imagination
What has a heart that doesn't beat?
a. A clock
b. A painting
c. A book
d. A stone
What has keys but can't open locks?
a. A keyboard
b. A map
c. A piano
d. A secret
I speak without a mouth and hear without ears. I have no
body, but I come alive with wind. What am I?
a. Love
b. Hope
c. Music
d. Echo
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment, but never
in a thousand years?
a. The letter "m"
b. Happiness
c. Wisdom
d. Luck
Resource page