UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering)-CSBS
Network Operating System
21CSH-397
Dayal Chandra Sati(E13263)

Introduction to DNS DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 COURSE OBJECTIVES
The Course aims to:
1. Make students learn about basics of Networks and Operating system
concepts that will help them to understand the requirements of
Network Operating System.

2. Make students learn about deployment of Network Operating

System’s roles and services.

3. Facilitate students in building analytical and creative thinking so that

they can move themselves in the field of core server usage for social
and technical reasons.
 COURSE OUTCOMES
CO Title Level
Number
CO1 Students will recall basic concepts of Networks, Understand &
Operating System and to build up the basic concepts of Remember
Network Operating System.
CO2 Student would be able to deploy Server 2008/2012 and Implement
make use of it as a technical platform.
CO3 Students will prepare themselves for placements in Apply
Companies focusing on Networking and Server
environment and further being research oriented in the
field of Computer Networks.
CO4 analyze the working of virtual machines Analyze
CO5 Identify the role of active directory Analyze
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 Domain Name System

Phonebook

Curtesy: 4
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_domain_name_system.htm
Domain Name

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 Domain Name System Architecture
Domain Name system is a collection of databases that contain the information about domain names and their corresponding IP
address.
The Domain name system comprises of Domain Names, Domain Name Space, Name Server

Domain Names
Domain Name is a symbolic string associated with an IP address. There are several domain names available; some of them are
generic such as com, edu, gov, net etc, while some country level domain names such as au, in, za, us etc.

Domain Name Space

The domain name space refers a hierarchy in the internet naming structure. This hierarchy has multiple levels (from 0 to 127),
with a root at the top.

Name Server
Name server contains the DNS database. This database comprises of various names and their corresponding IP addresses. Since
it is not possible for a single server to maintain entire DNS database, therefore, the information is distributed among many DNS
servers.

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 Zones
Zone is collection of nodes (sub domains) under the main domain.

The server maintains a database called zone file for every zone.

If the domain is not further divided into sub domains then domain and zone refers to the same thing.

Curtesy: 7
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_domain_name_system.htm
 DOMAIN NAME SPACE

To have a hierarchical name space, a domain name space was designed. In

this design the names are defined in an inverted-tree structure with the root
at the top. The tree can have only 128 levels: level 0 (root) to level 127.

Curtesy: 8
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_domain_name_system.htm
 Domain name space

Curtesy: 9
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_domain_name_system.htm
 Domain names and labels

Curtesy: 10
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_domain_name_system.htm
 FQDN and PQDN

Curtesy: 11
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_domain_name_system.htm
 Domains

Curtesy: 12
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_domain_name_system.htm
 DISTRIBUTION OF NAME SPACE

The information contained in the domain name space must be stored.

However, it is very inefficient and also unreliable to have just one computer
store such a huge amount of information. In this section, we discuss the
distribution of the domain name space.

Curtesy: 13
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_domain_name_system.htm
 Hierarchy of name servers

Curtesy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System 14
 DNS Servers

Curtesy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System 15
 Types of DNS Servers

Curtesy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System 16
 How a computer loads a website?

Curtesy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System 17
 Advantages of Distributed DNS Architecture
• Load Balancing: Today the Internet is so huge, with millions of device and users accessing its services from all over the globe,
at every instant. A Single DNS Server cannot handle the huge global DNS traffic.

• Distance to DNS Servers: If we have DNS servers near to our geographical location, we will get faster replies for our DNS
queries. This is possible by having a distributed DNS server infrastructure.

• Redundancy: If we have only a single global DNS Server managing all the DNS traffic, its failure can cause the complete
internet name resolution a sudden halt. Distributed DNS server infrastructure provides redundancy and prevents a single point of
failure.

• Maintenance: Distributed DNS server infrastructure provides a way for easy to update the DNS Servers and easy maintenance.

Curtesy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System 18
 DNS Delegation

DNS delegation is the process by which a parent DNS zone

indicates to DNS resolvers that it has delegated the authority
for a DNS subzone (or child zone) to a different set of DNS
servers. This allows the DNS resolvers to locate and query the
delegated DNS servers for the subzone’s DNS records.
 DNS Delegation Benefits‍
Using DNS delegation can provide a number of advantages to a DNS administrator and the
organization as a whole:

•Improved performance: By delegating a portion of your DNS namespace to a different set of DNS
servers, you can improve performance by reducing the load on your primary DNS servers.

•Simplified DNS management: DNS delegation can simplify DNS management by allowing
different teams or locations to manage their own DNS configurations.

•Integration with third-party services: DNS delegation allows you to integrate with third-party
services, such as content delivery networks (CDNs), cloud-based email services, or tracking services,
that require you to delegate DNS management for a portion of your DNS namespace to their own
DNS servers.
REFERENCES

1. Reference Book: Behrouz A.Forouzan

2. Video Lecture on YouTube URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FhC62Lm2338

3. Relevant Web Link

1.https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_domain_name_system.htm

2. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/domain-name-system-dns-in-application-layer/

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THANK YOU

For queries
Email: [email protected]
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