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Cancer Immunol

The document summarizes immune response against tumors, including: 1) Both the innate immune system (NK cells, dendritic cells, macrophages) and adaptive immune system (T cells, antibodies) play a role in fighting tumors. 2) Tumor cells can evade the immune system by having low immunogenicity, inducing immune tolerance, antigenic modulation, immune suppression, or creating physical barriers at privileged sites. 3) Immunotherapy aims to enhance specific cell-mediated immune responses and uses passive or active immunization against tumors.

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Erma Wati
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36 views30 pages

Cancer Immunol

The document summarizes immune response against tumors, including: 1) Both the innate immune system (NK cells, dendritic cells, macrophages) and adaptive immune system (T cells, antibodies) play a role in fighting tumors. 2) Tumor cells can evade the immune system by having low immunogenicity, inducing immune tolerance, antigenic modulation, immune suppression, or creating physical barriers at privileged sites. 3) Immunotherapy aims to enhance specific cell-mediated immune responses and uses passive or active immunization against tumors.

Uploaded by

Erma Wati
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Immune Response in Degenerative Disease:

Tumor Immunology

[email protected]
 Introduction
 Innate-and adaptive immunity
against tumor
 Tumor cell evasion of the Immune
responses
 Principles in Immunotherapy
 Concluding Remarks
Introduction
Evidence of Immune Reaction
on Tumor Growth
 Contain lymphoid infiltrates, some
indicate crucial sign
 Occur more frequently in the certain
period of life, when the immune
functions less effectively
 Arise frequently in immune
suppressed individuals
 Spontaneous regression occurs
Studies on Tumor Immunity
 Data are mostly from animal models
 Immune responses may be most
important to prevent the
growth/spread of viral-induced than
non viral-induced tumors

immunosurveillance
Evidence: oncogenic virus induction

 Nude/athymic mouse
• Less tumor frequency occurs,
except to those with viral infection
• Methyl cholanthrene (MC)-induced
SCID mouse and MC-induced
control  no difference in tumor
incidence; differ in immunogenicity
Innate-and Adaptive Immunity
against Tumor
Transformed (tumor) cells

 activate innate immune


cells

stimulate adaptive cellular


responses

• Players in the innate domain


 NK & NKT cells, APC: DC,
M
• Players in the adaptive
domain
 T cells: CTL/Tc
 Antibodies (evidence?)
Interplay of the innate and adaptive
immune cells

Biewenga, 2008
Cytokine-induced immune
reactions
How they recognize tumor?:
NK cells vs CTL / Tc

 NK/NKT cells
• Pattern recognition receptors
 CTL/Tc
• Via TcR, cognate interaction with MHC
expression on APC, highly specific
Figure 2-50 Mechanisms by
which NK cells
distinguish
infected from
healthy-
uninfected cells

Notice, the presence


or absence of MHC
class I expression
Figure 14-16

Tumors that lose


MHC class I
expression 
escape from
immune
surveillance, but
susceptible to NK
cell killing

NK cell Leukemia cell


Biewenga, 2008
Biewenga, 2008
Candidate tumor rejection antigens by CTL
Figure 14-11 part 1 of 2
Candidate tumor rejection antigens by
CTLFigure
(contn’d)14-11 part 2 of 2
Activation of CD4 T cells
+
Activation of CD8 T cells
+

Biewenga, 2008
Evade mechanisms of tumor cells
Mechanisms by which tumors
escape immune recognition
 Low immunogenicity
• no peptide, -MHC expression, -co-
stimulatory molecules
 Induce immune tolerance
• absence of co-stimulatory signals
 Antigenic modulation
• antigen-loss variants
 Immune suppression
• exp. TGF-secretion
 Privilege site
• create physical barrier
T cells Figure
(CTL, Th1) attack
14-14

Physical
barrier
endocytosis

Tumor cell

Privilege site
(Basic principles)

Concluding Remarks
 Both the innate and adaptive immune
responses play a crucial role in tumor
immunity, in particular cell-mediated
immune reactions
 The growth and development of
tumors are depending upon their
successful evasion against immune
recognition
 Immunologic-based therapy against
tumors is being underway, such as
enhancing the specific cell-mediated
immune responses, and passive or
active immunization
Thank so much..

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