Scribd
Upload
33 views18 pages

Syntax

Uploaded by

sammiegold7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views18 pages

Syntax

Uploaded by

sammiegold7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

SYNTAX

Definitions
The way in which words are put together to
form phrases, clauses or sentence
–Meriam Dictionary

The arrangement of words and phrases to


create well-formed sentences in language
-Oxford Dictionary
The arrangement of words in sentences,
clauses, and phrases, and the study of the
formation of sentences and the relationships
of their component parts
-Britanica
Lexical Categories/ Phrase Structure
Parts of Speech Rules for English
Noun Sentence → NP VP
Adjective
NP → (Det) (Adj) N (PP)
Verb
Adverb PP → P NP
Pronoun
VP → V (NP) (PP) (Adj)
Determiner
Adposition
Tree Structure/ Tree Diagram

Visualization of
Sentence Analysis

Solve Ambiguous
Sentences
 "syntax" comes from the Greek word "syntaxis,"
which means "arrangement“

 Native speakers of a language learn correct


syntax without realizing it.

 a tool used in writing proper grammatical


sentences [Grammar vs. Syntax]

 The complexity of a writer's or speaker's


sentences creates a formal or informal level of
diction that is presented to its audience.
Syntax- word structure

Diction- style of speaking or writing as


dependent upon choice of words

Semantics- meaning conveyed by the


particular words used
Syntactically Correct but Semantically Incorrect
Types of Syntax : Sentence Structures

2. Complex- An
1. Simple –includes
independent clause
the minimum
combined with one or
requirements for a
more subordinate
sentence, with just
clause.
a single independent
Ex. We go to the
clause. independent
beach in summer
Ex. We go to the
when school is
beach in summer subordinate
finished.
3. Compound- Two 2. Compound-complex –
independent clauses Two independent
joined by a clauses combined with
coordinating one or more
conjunction or a subordinate clauses.
semicolon Ex. We go to the beach
Ex. We go to the in summer, but my cat
beach in summer, but stays home independent

my cat stays home. because he doesn’t


own a swimsuit subordinate
Seven Syntactic Pattern
1.Subject – Verb
-This is the standard syntactic pattern,
including the minimum requirements of just a
subject and verb. The subject always comes
first.
Ex: The dog barked.
2. Subject- Verb- Direct object
-If the verb is transitive and uses a direct
object, the direct object always goes after the
verb.
Ex: The dog carried the ball.
3. Subject- Verb- subject complement
-The subject complement comes after the
verb. Subject complements always use linking
verbs, like be or seem.
Ex. The mansion looks haunted.
Subject verb subject complement

4. Subject- Verb- adverbial complement


-Comes after the verb (if there are no object)
and removing it will change the meaning of
the sentence.
Ex: Gregor ate greedily.
subject verb adverbial compliment
5. Subject- Verb- Indirect object- direct object
-In this case, the indirect object comes right
after the verb, and the direct object comes
after the indirect object.
Ex. The dog gave me the ball.
subject verb direct indirect

6. Subject- Verb- direct object- object


complement
-Object complement come after the direct
object, similar to other complements.
Ex. The dog made the ball dirty.
subject verb direct object complement
7. Subject- Verb- direct object- adverbial
complement
- When the sentence uses both the direct
object and adverbial complement, the
direct object comes first, followed by
the adverbial complement.
Ex. Shaila shouted at him angrily.
Subject verb direct adverbial complement
Basic Rules of syntax in English

1. All subject requires a subject and a verb


except for imperative sentence
(commands).

2. All single sentence should include one


main idea.
3. The subject comes first, and the verb
comes second. If the sentence has
objects, they come third, after the verb.
Except for passive voice.

4. Subordinate clauses also requires a


subject and verb.

5. Adjectives and adverb go in front of the


words they describe. If there are multiple
adjective describing the noun, use the proper
adjective order, known as the “royal order”
Other fields of syntax

1.Programming syntax
2.Markup and document syntax
3.Mathematical syntax
4.Syntax highlighting
References
 Black, Ken. (2023). What is the role of syntax in the
Literature. Retrieve from
https://languagehumanities.org
 Ellis, Matt. (2022). What is syntax? Learn the
meaning and rules, with example. Retrieve from
https://gramarly.com.ph
 Rangelova, Ralica and Blakeley, Shasha. (2022). What
is syntax in Linguistics?-definition & overview.
Retrieve from https://study.com.ph
 Promova. (2023). English Syntax. Retrieved from
https://promova.com/english-grammar/english-syntax

You might also like