Lesson 1 The Research Process An Introduction

The
Research
Process: An
Introduction
Learning
Competencies
At the end of the lesson, you should be able
to:
1 2 3 4
Define research Enumerate the Explain the Discuss the steps
and social uses of research purpose of in the research
research research process
Guide
Questions
• What is research?
• What is Social research?
• What are the uses of research?
• What are the different examples of
research?
• What is the purpose of research?
• What are the steps in the research
process?
Nature of
Research
and Social
Research
To research is to find answers to
questions. All professionals and
practitioners in various fields of study
conduct research to determine answers to
their inquiries. They gather data to
answer questions and seek solutions to
problems about the social world.
Uses and Purposes of
Research
The four important things that a
researcher must consider in conducting
a specific research are (1) the use of
research, (2) the purpose of the study,
(3) the time dimension of the study
design, and (4) the data gathering
method or technique to be used.
Research
A. Use of Research
Social research has two main uses.
First, it is usually done to develop and
produce new knowledge about the
social world. Second, it is conducted to
address a specific issue and concern and
provide an answer or solution to a
problem affecting a person, group,
community, and the society in general.
Research
• Basic Research
Basic research focuses on the
advancement and production of new
knowledge. This form of research is
used by academicians and scientists. the
primary consumers, of such research.
Research
• Applied Research
Applied research focuses on addressing a
specific concern or usually offers a
solution to a social problem. Unlike basic
research that emphasizes the testing and
development of theories to advance and
produce new knowledge, applied research
is a small-scale study that introduces
practical results that can be used in the
short term.
Research
• Applied Research
This form of research is usually done by
practitioners in the business sector,
government, health care sector, social
service organizations, political
organizations, and educational
institutions. The results of applied
research are used in the decision-
making process of the company or
organization.
Examples of Applied
Research
Evaluation Research Study
it is done to assess the effectiveness of a program,

policy, or campaign. This type of applied research is
commonly conducted by organizations such as
businesses, schools, and government and non-
governmental organizations to analyze the
effectiveness of their program.
Examples of Applied
Research
Action Research Study
it is a type of applied research that “treats knowledge

as a form of power and abolishes the division
between creating knowledge and using knowledge to
engage in political action” (Neuman, 2007, 14).
Examples of Applied
Research
The five major characteristics of an action research

study are the following:
a. The people being studied are actively participating
in the research process.
b. The study includes ordinary or popular knowledge.
Examples of Applied
Research
c. The research focuses on power issues.

d. The study wants to raise consciousness of people
about the issue.
e. The research is connected to a plan or program of
action.
Examples of Applied
Research
Social Impact Assessment Research Study
It gives the possible effects or outcomes of a planned intervention

(e.g, projects) or probable changes that might happen in the future.
This form applied study can be an environmental assessment report
of a program or project. In this study, the possible changes that a
project or an intervention causes in the social environment are
predicted. Also, it provides solutions as to how those changes that
might affect people can be prevented.
Research
B. Purposes of Research
Researchers conduct studies for
different reasons. Social research
has different purposes, the most
common of which are exploration,
description, and explanation.
Exploratory
Research
Most social research studies are
conducted to explore a topic. A researcher
looks into a new area to identify a specific
question that can be addressed in future
research. It is usually the first stage in a
series of studies conducted by a
researcher.
Descriptive
Research
Social research studies provide
descriptions. They aim to describe
situations and events. They answer the
questions what, where, when, and how. In
descriptive research, the researcher
observes and provides a description of
what he or she has observed.
Descriptive
Research
The function of such research is to
present a social setting or a picture of a
specific situation. Anthropological studies
like ethnographies are descriptive in
nature; anthropologists observe in the
field and document their observation as
part of their research.
Explanatory
Research
the third purpose of social research is to
provide explanations. In explanatory
research, the researcher answer the
question “why?” It identifies the sources
of social behavior, beliefs, conditions, and
events. It documents the causes, theories,
and reasons for the existence of an event
or situation.
Steps in the Research
Process
• Selecting a topic
• The research process starts with the
identification of the topic.
• Identifying the research question
• In this step, the topic is narrowed
down and focused to a specific
research question that can be
answered.
Process
3. Developing a research design
• In this step, the researcher develops
a detailed research plan to show
how the study will be done. The
researcher decides on the
methodology and other important
things to be considered before the
collection of data.
Process
4. Gathering or collecting data
• The researcher implements the
research design and gathers the
data needed using a particular
research methodology.
5. Carrying out a data analysis
• The researcher identifies and
examines the patterns found in the
data collected.
Process
6. Interpreting data
• In this step, the researcher explains the
meaning of the patterns in the data .
7. Communicating research findings and
results.
• The researcher communicates the
findings by writing a report or paper,
publishing the research, or presenting the
results in a conference.
Activity #1
Go online and study the e-journal about the “A Case

Analysis of Disaster Risk Reduction Preparedness of
Iloilo Province: Basis for A Comprehensive
Intervention Program”. Then analyze the content and
format of the journal article by answering the questions
in the table.
Questions Answer
• What is the title of the document?
2. Is the document a journal article or a conference paper? If it is a journal article, in what journal was it published? If it is a
conference paper, in what conference was it presented?
3. Who authored the work?
4. What is the topic of the research?
5. Classify the research based on its usage. Is it basic or applied research? Explain your answer.
6. Classify the research based on its purpose. Is it exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory? Explain your answer.
7. What are the main premises and arguments of the research? Do you agree with any of them?
8. How would you rate/evaluate the premises and arguments of the research?

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The

it is done to assess the effectiveness of a program,

it is a type of applied research that “treats knowledge

The five major characteristics of an action research

c. The research focuses on power issues.

It gives the possible effects or outcomes of a planned intervention

Go online and study the e-journal about the “A Case

• What is the title of the document?

3. Who authored the work?

4. What is the topic of the research?

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