Welcome

to
Learning Module 5
Health
Module Learning Outcomes
After studying the module, you should be able
to:
1.describe healthy habits by proper management
to prevent illness;
2. prevent illnesses in the home, school, and the
community; and
3. describe the current programs of the
Department of Health (DOH) on health care.
Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/lopaoMD/an-introduction-to-health-systems-an-overview-of-the-philippine-health-care-system-and-health-systems-thinking
What is Health?
Retrieved from http://www.myshared.ru/slide/1056959

Retrieved from http://www.myshared.ru/slide/1056959/

What is primary health care?
 Primary Health Care (PHC) is an
essential health care made universally
acceptable to individuals and families in
the community by means acceptable to
them through their full participation and at
a cost that the community and country and
can afford at every stage of development.

Retrieved from https://nurseslabs.com/primary-health-care/

Essential components of primary health care
The Declaration of Alma Ata outlined the 8 essential
components of primary health care.
 1. Education concerning prevailing health problems and the
methods of preventing and controlling them.
 2. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
 3. An adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation
 4. Maternal and child health care, including family planning.
 5. Immunisation against major infectious diseases.
 6. Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases.
 7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries.
 8. Provision of essential medicines.

Source: WHO (1978). Alma Ata 1978: Primary Health Care, HFA Sr. No. 1
Public Education/Participation
“Primary health care starts with people.
Our common humanity compels us to
respect the resilience and ingenuity of the
human spirit, and the great capacity of
individuals and communities to solve
their own problems. This is where the unique
ethic of volunteer service also counts most.”
(Margaret Chan, Director-General, WHO)
 Retrieved from https://www.weight-on.com/good-nutritional-habits.html

Promotion of food supply and

proper nutrition
The Promotion of food supply and proper
nutrition in the families and in the community in
general is a cornerstone in fighting against ill-
health. Under nutrition and micronutrients
deficiencies mostly in women in reproductive
age and children largely contribute to a global
burden of disease (Caulfield & et al., 2006).
Adequate supply of safe water and
improved sanitation
This component of primary healthcare
ensures that population has not only access to
safe and clean water but also to clean
environment. The role of contaminated water
and environment in spreading diseases is
known. The supply of safe and adequate water,
sanitation and disposal of liquid and solid waste
play a key role preventing diseases
transmission (Howard, et al., 2002).
 Out of 101 million Filipinos, nine million
rely on unimproved, unsafe and unsustainable
water sources and 19 million lack access to
improved sanitation. Families without a safe
water source in or near their home often
spend significant time and energy collecting
water. Those without a sanitary toilet facility at
home face a number of unattractive choices,
including venturing out at night or suffering the
embarrassment of asking to use the toilet of a
neighbor.
Retrieved from: https://water.org/our-impact/philippines/
Maternal and child health including
family planning
Maternal and child morbidity and
mortality rates, mostly in resource limited
countries, are still high and more action is
needed to tackle this public health issue.
Women and children’s deaths are attributed to
the causes which in many cases are
preventable and avoidable through collaboration
of various stakeholders (Wooding, Nagaddya &
Nakaggwa, 2012).
The health of the mother and newborn is inseparable
 Infant mortality rate: total: 21.4 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

 Definition: This entry gives the number of deaths of

infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live
births in the same year. This rate is often used as an
indicator of the level of health in a country.

Source: CIA World Fund

Philippines - Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)
Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) in Philippines was reported at
21.5 in 2016, according to the World Bank collection of development
indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources .
 The current infant mortality rate for Philippines in
2019 is 19.239 deaths per 1000 live births, a 2.16%
decline from 2018.
 The infant mortality rate for Philippines in 2018 was
19.663 deaths per 1000 live births, a 3.96% decline
from 2017.
 The infant mortality rate for Philippines in 2017 was
20.474 deaths per 1000 live births, a 3.81% decline
from 2016.
 The infant mortality rate for Philippines in 2016 was
21.284 deaths per 1000 live births, a 3.67% decline
from 2015.
• Immunization
Immunization against major diseases plays a key
role in preventing serious contagious diseases mostly in
children like Tuberculosis, measles, tetanus, whooping
cough, etc .Women in reproductive age are also
vaccinated for Tetanus. Immunisation against major
diseases plays a key role in preventing serious
contagious diseases mostly in children like Tuberculosis,
measles, tetanus, whooping cough, etc .Women in
reproductive age are also vaccinated for Tetanus.

Retrieved from http://www.okclipart.com/Pneumonia-Vaccine-Clip-Art30zibmjpbb/

 The current infant mortality rate for Philippines in
2019 is 19.239 deaths per 1000 live births, a
2.16% decline from 2018.
 The infant mortality rate for Philippines in 2018
was 19.663 deaths per 1000 live births, a 3.96%
decline from 2017.
 The infant mortality rate for Philippines in 2017
was 20.474 deaths per 1000 live births, a 3.81%
decline from 2016.
 The infant mortality rate for Philippines in 2016
was 21.284 deaths per 1000 live births, a 3.67%
decline from 2015.
• Prevention and Control of Endemic
Diseases

Some persisting diseases in a community

contribute to the burden of disease and are
attributable to the increasing morbidity and
mortality in many countries. Regular screening
and appropriate treatment of these diseases
done by skilled healthcare workforce with
appropriate health technology are key to the
control of them (Wooding, Nagaddya &
Nakaggwa, 2012).
Appropriate treatment of common
diseases and injuries
This component of primary healthcare
deals with the treatment of common diseases
and injuries that members of the community
suffer. These diseases include common
infectious diseases that prevails in the
community, skin lesions due to injuries,
infections or other disease conditions that affect
the skin all of which contribute to the burden of
disease.
Provision of essential drugs
The provision of essential drugs
contributes greatly in effective management of
common pathological conditions in the
community. They are of an utmost importance in
preventing and treating diseases which have a
greater impact on lives of millions of people
around the world. “Essential drugs save lives
and improve health” (Balkan et al., 2013).
What is the principal health agency of
the government?
 The Department of Health (DOH) is the
principal health agency in the Philippines. It is
responsible for ensuring access to basic public
health services to all Filipinos through the
provision of quality health care and regulation
of providers of health goods and services.
The following agencies and councils are attached
to the DOH for policy and program coordination:
 Commission on Population (POPCOM)
 Local Water Utilities Administration
 National Nutrition Council(NNC)
 Philippine Health Insurance Corporation(PHIC;
PhilHealth) Bida
 Philippine Institute for Traditional and Alternative
Health Care (PITAHC)
 Philippine International Trading Corporation - Pharma
(PITC - Pharma)
 Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC)
 The Department of Health (DOH) has an
Retrieved from:https://ph.news.yahoo.com/sec-duque-huge-portion-doh- 001225084.html;_ylt=AwrtFpprsbFb3hUATOS.Rwx.;_ylu=X3oDMTBtdXBkbHJyBHNlYwNmcC1hdHRyaWIEc2xrA3J1cmw-

approved budget of 167-billion pesos for 2018 — the

biggest budget the Congress approved for the Health
Department.
With the new leadership of the DOH, the agency
is prioritizing to allocate a huge chunk of its budget to
health services for poor Filipinos.
 What are the Programs of the
Department of Health?
Retrieved from https://www.doh.gov.ph/stat-of-the-month/2018january
National Tuberculosis TB Control
Program
I. Vision
TB -free Philippines
II. Mission
To reduce TB burden (TB incidence
and TB mortality)
To achieve catastrophic cost of TB-
affected households
To responsively deliver TB service
Strategies, Action Points and Timeline
2017-2022 Philippine Strategic TB Elimination Plan
 Activate communities and patient groups to promptly access
quality TB services
 Collaborate with other government agencies to reduce out-of-
pocket expenses and expand social protection programs
 Harmonize local and national efforts mobilize adequate and
competent human resources
 Innovate TB information generation and utilization for decision
making
 Enforce standards on TB care and prevention and use of quality
products
 Value clients and patients through integrated patient-centered TB
services
 Engage national, regional and local government units/ agencies
on multi-sectoral implementation of TB elimination plan
Expanded program on Immunization

In 2011, through Republic Act 10152, the mandatory

basic immunization now covers:
 Tuberculosis
 Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis
 Poliomyelitis
 Measles
 Mumps
 Rubella or German measles
 Hepatitis-B
 H. Influenza type B (HIB)
Because of the active campaign on vaccination, the
number of cases of certain diseases have decrease in
recent years.
 Under its 2018 budget of P107.3 billion,
P7.43 billion of which will be used for public
vaccination program that targets full
immunization of 2.7 million infants while, 2.7
million pregnant women will receive tetanus
vaccine.
Control of HIV/AIDS

Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/multimedia/infographics_posters/infographics.htmControl of HIV/AIDS

 Objective:
 Reduce the transmission of HIV and STI among the Most At Risk Population
and General Population and mitigate its impact at the individual, family, and
community level.

 Program Activities:
 With regard to the prevention and fight against stigma and discrimination, the
following are the strategies and interventions:
 1. Availability of free voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing Service;
 2. 100% Condom Use Program (CUP) especially for entertainment
establishments;
 3. Peer education and outreach;
 4. Multi-sectoral coordination through Philippine National AIDS Council
(PNAC);
 5. Empowerment of communities;
 6. Community assemblies and for a to reduce stigma;
 7. Augmentation of resources of social Hygiene Clinics; and
 8. Procured male condoms distributed as education materials during
outreach.

 How to Prevent Illnesses
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 7DXEauBnj5Y
 Wash your hands! Wash your hands often. Try to
always do it before you eat, before you cook, after
using the restroom, after touching bins, after going on
public transport. It is very important to wash your
hands after touching things that you know others have
touched. Here are some examples: Rides at
amusement parks, handrails, a principle's hand at
graduation maybe? A big one is the phone, and also
the flusher on the toilet.


Retrieved from https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-do-you-need-to-wash-your-handsu .
 Takeyour medications and make sure
your vaccines are up to date. Ask your
doctor about all precautions you can take.
 Here's a bathroom tip. When you get
toilet paper, tear one piece off and throw it
away, then take however many sheets you
need. If you don't understand, think about how
you tear toilet paper. You hold the one just
above the pieces right?
Retrieved from http://www.asharpeye.com/breathe-breathe/

Breathe through your nose. Your

nose has small hairs that filter out germs. If
you breathe through your mouth, you are
breathing in unfiltered air that has germs.
Try to sit as far away as possible from
someone who is sneezing, especially if
the person is not covering their mouth.
 Wash your clothes after being
around sick people. When people sneeze,
their germs may be spread anywhere from 4
to 8 feet (1.2 to 2.4 m), and these germs can
stay on your clothes. So wash your clothes
after being around people who are sneezing.
If you have some
concerns concerning the
module, please bring
them up with your
professor in the
classroom for
clarifications and further
discussions.
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