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    Radical Substitution 1

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    The document summarizes the radical substitution reaction between methane and bromine initiated by UV light. 1) UV light initiates the reaction by breaking the bromine-bromine bond to form bromine radicals. 2) Propagation involves the bromine radicals reacting with methane to substitute bromine for hydrogen, forming hydrogen bromide and methyl radicals. 3) Termination occurs when the radicals react together to form stable products, ending the chain reaction.

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    Radical Substitution 1

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    19 views11 pages
    The document summarizes the radical substitution reaction between methane and bromine initiated by UV light. 1) UV light initiates the reaction by breaking the bromine-bromine bond to form bromine radicals. 2) Propagation involves the bromine radicals reacting with methane to substitute bromine for hydrogen, forming hydrogen bromide and methyl radicals. 3) Termination occurs when the radicals react together to form stable products, ending the chain reaction.

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    Chem

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    radical substitution 1

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    The document summarizes the radical substitution reaction between methane and bromine initiated by UV light. 1) UV light initiates the reaction by breaking the bromine-bromine bond to form bromine radicals. 2) Propagation involves the bromine radicals reacting with methane to substitute bromine for hydrogen, forming hydrogen bromide and methyl radicals. 3) Termination occurs when the radicals react together to form stable products, ending the chain reaction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views11 pages

    Radical Substitution 1

    Uploaded by

    will hay
    The document summarizes the radical substitution reaction between methane and bromine initiated by UV light. 1) UV light initiates the reaction by breaking the bromine-bromine bond to form bromine radicals. 2) Propagation involves the bromine radicals reacting with methane to substitute bromine for hydrogen, forming hydrogen bromide and methyl radicals. 3) Termination occurs when the radicals react together to form stable products, ending the chain reaction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    The Radical Substitution

    Initiation
    Propagation
    Termination
    Overall reaction
    equation
    CH4 + Br2 CH3Br + HBr
    • In the presents of UV, alkanes react with halogens. The UV
    The overall reaction provides the initial energy for the reaction to take place
    of methane and • This is a substitution reaction, as a hydrogen atom has
    been substituted by a halogen atom.
    bromine •
    Initiation Equation

    Br2  Br • + Br •
    Initiation
    • A Br2 molecule is exposed to UV
    light.
    • The UV light provides the energy
    for the covalent bond to break.
    • Each one of the Bromines take
    one of the electron from the
    covalent bond (homolytic
    fission.)
    • Homolytic fission means each
    atom now has a single pair of
    electrons.
    • This forms two Bromines which
    are free radicals. These are a
    very reactive species as they
    have an unpaired electron.
    Propagation step 1 Equation

    CH4 + Br •  •CH3 + HBr


    • Bromine collides with the hydrogen atom on the CH4 this
    breaks the C—H bond in methane.
    • Then the hydrogen forms a covalent bond with a bromine
    Propagation to make hydrogen bromide.

    Step 1 • This leaves a •CH3 (methyl) radical which is highly reactive.


    • In propagation, there are always radicals on both sides of
    the reaction.
    Prpagation Step 2 Equation

    •CH3 + Br2 CH3Br + Br•


    Propagation Step 2 • In the second step, a methyl
    radical (•CH3) collides with a
    bromine molecule.
    • The Br—Br covalent bond is
    broken in the bromine
    molecule and then a C-–Br
    covalent bond is made to
    form CH3Br
    (Bromomethane).
    • A bromine radical is formed.
    This will then repeat the
    propagation process to form
    a chain reaction.
    Termination Equations

    Br• + Br•  Br2

    •CH3 + •CH3  C2H6

    •CH3 + Br•  CH3Br


    Step 3 Termination
    • Br• radicals collide together to form a covalently bonded
    Br2.
    • A •CH3 and a •CH3 radical collide to form C2H6 (ethane)
    • A •CH3 collides and a Br• collide to from CH3Br.
    • In termination, two radicals react to from a non-radical
    compound, and this stops the reaction.

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