Bus Math 3 Ratio Proportion

Business
Mathematics
Business Mathematics
Ratio and
Proportion
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:
a.)
Identify the different kinds of proportions and give
examples of real-life situations for each.
Ratio
is the number that can be used to express one quantity
as a fraction of the other ones.
Example:
There is 1 boy and 3 girls you could write the ratio as:
• 1:3 (for every one boy, there are 3 girls)
• 1/4 are boys and 3/4 are girls
• 0.25 are boys or 25% as percent
• 0.75 are girls or 75% as percent
Proportion
is an equation in which two ratios are set equal to each
other. It can be written as : , where b ≠ 0 & d ≠ 0.
Proportion
Examples:
1.)
Proportion
Examples:
2.)
A rope's length and weight are in proportion.
20m of rope weighs 1kg, then:
• 40m of that rope weighs 2kg
• 200m of that rope weighs 10kg
Types of Proportion
• Direct Proportion
• Inverse Proportion
• Partitive Proportion
Direct Proportion
as one value increases, so does the other value and
conversely, as one value decreases, so does the other value.
The proportional relationship is symbolized by “∝ ”.
• y∝ x
• y = kx
Direct Proportion
• y∝ x
• y = kx where: k -----> proportionality constant
Example:
Velocity (V) =
Direct Proportion
• y∝ x
Example:
Velocity (V) = -----> 150 kph =
Direct Proportion
• y∝ x
Example:
Velocity (V) = -----> 150 kph = -----> 200 kph =
Direct Proportion
Exercises:
1.)
If 3 pencils cost P15, how many pencils can you buy for
P90?
Solution:
Let x be the number of pencils
=
Direct Proportion
Exercises:
1.)
P90?
Solution:
= -----> =
Direct Proportion
Exercises:
1.)
P90?
Solution:
= -----> = =
Direct Proportion
Exercises:
1.)
P90?
Solution:
= -----> = = = 18
Direct Proportion
Exercises:
2.)
If kgs. of pork costs P370, how much will kgs. cost?
Solution:
Let x be the cost of the pork at
=
Direct Proportion
Exercises:
2.)
Solution:
= -----> =
Direct Proportion
Exercises:
2.)
Solution:
= -----> = =
Direct Proportion
Exercises:
2.)
Solution:
= -----> = = = P660.72
Inverse Proportion
is when as one quantity increases, the other decreases.
Otherwise, when as one quantity decreases, the other value
increases.
The proportional relationship is symbolized by “”.
•y x
Inverse Proportion
increases.
•y x •y=x
Example:
Velocity (V) =
Inverse Proportion
increases.
•y x •y=x
Example:
Velocity (V) = -----> 150 kph =
Inverse Proportion
increases.
•y x •y=x
Example:
Velocity (V) = -----> 150 kph = -----> 200 kph =
Inverse Proportion
Exercise:
If 8 men need 30 days to finish a job, how many days
will 24 men need to finish the job?
Solution:
Let x be the number of days needed by 24 men to finish a job
=
Inverse Proportion
Exercise:
Solution:
= -----> =
Inverse Proportion
Exercise:
Solution:
= -----> = =
Partitive Proportion
describes the process by virtue of which a quantity is
divided into two or more equal or unequal parts.
Example:
A stick 96 cm long is to be divided in the ratio 3:4:5.
What are the values of each part?
Solution:
3 + 4 + 5 = 12
Example:
Solution:
3 + 4 + 5 = 12 ------> number of parts
1st Part
Example:
Solution:
3 + 4 + 5 = 12 ------> number of parts
1st Part
= 24
Example:
Solution:
3 + 4 + 5 = 12 ------> number of parts
1st Part 2nd Part
= 24
Example:
Solution:
3 + 4 + 5 = 12 ------> number of parts
1st Part 2nd Part
= 24
Example:
Solution:
3 + 4 + 5 = 12 ------> number of parts
1st Part 2nd Part
= 24 = 32
Example:
Solution:
3 + 4 + 5 = 12 ------> number of parts
1st Part 2nd Part 3rd Part
= 24 = 32
Example:
Solution:
3 + 4 + 5 = 12 ------> number of parts
= 24 = 32
Example:
Solution:
3 + 4 + 5 = 12 ------> number of parts
= 24 = 32 = 40
Assignment: ½ CW
1. Jessa buys three bananas for PHP 25.50. How much does she
have to pay for a dozen of these bananas?
2. A typist can finish 4 pages in 6 minutes. How long will it take
him to finish 18 pages?
3. A menu which serves 5 people requires 3 cups of flour. How
many cups of flour are needed for the menu to serve 20 people?
4. To finish a certain job in 8 days, 6 workers are needed. If it is
required to finish the same job in 2 days advance, how many
workers have to work?
End of the lesson…
Thank you and God bless…

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