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Electrical Drives MID EXAM

The document discusses electrical drives used for motion control in industrial and domestic applications. It defines drives as systems used for motion control that consist of a mechanical load, transmission system, and prime mover such as an electric motor. The document covers dynamics of electrical drives including torque equations, load torque components, torque-speed characteristics, and four quadrant operation. It also discusses equivalent values of drive parameters for loads with rotational and translational motion and methods of speed and braking control for DC motor drives.

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44 views21 pages

Electrical Drives MID EXAM

The document discusses electrical drives used for motion control in industrial and domestic applications. It defines drives as systems used for motion control that consist of a mechanical load, transmission system, and prime mover such as an electric motor. The document covers dynamics of electrical drives including torque equations, load torque components, torque-speed characteristics, and four quadrant operation. It also discusses equivalent values of drive parameters for loads with rotational and translational motion and methods of speed and braking control for DC motor drives.

Uploaded by

disguisedacc511
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Drives

8-1
 Motion control is required in industrial as well as domestic applications.
Motion control may be translational, rotational.

Ex: Transportation system, rolling mills, paper mills, textile mills, machine tools,
fans, pumps, robots etc.

Drives: Systems employed for motion control are called drives.

 Drive basically consists of a mechanical load, a transmission system and a


prime mover.
 The prime mover may be I.C. engine, steam engine, gas or steam turbine,
hydraulic turbines and electric motors.

Constant speed Variable Speed Drives


valve

Supply Supply
motor pump PEC motor pump

Power Power out


In Power
Power out
In
Power loss
Mainly in valve Power loss 8-2
Block diagram of electrical drive:

8-3
Advantages of Electric Drives:

Flexible control characteristics: The steady state and dynamic characteristics of


electrical drives can be shaped to satisfy load requirements.
 Starting and braking is easy and simple
 Provides a wide range of torques over a wide range of speeds
 Availability of wide range of electric power
Works to almost any type of environmental conditions
Capable of operating in all 4 quadrants of torque –speed plane
 Can be started and accelerated at very short time

8-4
Dynamics of Electrical Drives:
Fundamental Torque Equation:

J = Moment of inertia of the motor-load system referred to the motor shaft,Kg-m 2

Wm = Instantaneous angular velocity of the motor shaft, rad/ sec

T = Instantaneous value of developed motor torque, N-m

Tl = Instantaneous value of load (which includes friction and windage torque) torque, referred to the motor
shaft, N-m.
Any motor-load system can be described by the following fundamental torque equation during dynamic
condition:

Above equation is applicable to variable inertia drives such as mine winders, reel drives

For drives with constant


inertia

8-5
Components of the Load Torque (Tl) :

1. Friction torque (TF) : The friction will be present at the motor shaft and also in the

various parts of the load.

2. Windage torque (TW): When a motor runs, the wind generates a torque opposing

the motion. This is known as the windage torque.

3. Torque required to do the useful mechanical work,(TL): The nature of this torque depends on

the type of load. It may be constant and independent of speed, it may be some

function of speed, it may be time invariant or time variant, and its nature may also vary

with the change in the load's mode of operation.

8-6
8-7
In many applications TW is very small compared to BWm and negligible compared to TL

Tl = TL + BWm

Torque-Speed Characteristics of Mechanical Load:

8-8
8-9
Four Quadrant operation of a Drive:

8-10
8-11
8-12
8-13
Equivalent Values of Drive Parameters:
Loads with Rotational Motion:

K.E Associated with equivalent M.I = K.E of various moving parts Power developed by motor = Power absorbed by the loads

8-14
Equivalent Values of Drive Parameters:
Loads withTranslational Motion:

K.E Associated with equivalent M.I = K.E of various moving parts Power developed by motor = Power absorbed by the loads

8-15
Q:

Sol: Total moment of Inertia referred to motor shaft

Jo = 0.2 Kg-m2, a1 = 0.1, J1 = 10 Kg-m2 , v = 1.5 m/s , ωm = (1420 x π) / 30 rad/sec


Substituting in above equation:

8-16
D.C Motor Drives
Characteristics of separately excited DC motor drive:

8-17
Methods of speed control of separately excited DC motor :

1. Armature voltage control


2. Armature resistance control (Rheostatic control)
3. Field flux control

8-18
Braking of separately excited DC motor :

1. Regenerative braking.
2. Dynamic braking or rheostatic braking.
3. Plugging or reverse voltage braking

Regenerative braking.

8-19
Dynamic braking
or
rheostatic braking

8-20
Plugging
or
reverse voltage braking

8-21

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