DO YOU TRULY KNOW YOURSELF?

• What makes you happy?

• What makes you special?
• What kind of person you are to others?
• Are you strong, brave and determine or
shy, introvert and independent?
 Lesson 1

PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE
PHILOSOPHY
-The mother of all disciplines

SELF
-Condition of identity that
makes one subject of experience
distinct from all others
 Empiricism vs. Rationalism
• Empiricists
- Experience
• Rationalist
- Innate knowledge exist
and it has different sources
 Classical Antiquity
• Socrates
- “Know thy Self”
- Socratic Method(soul&itself)
- Knowledge is inherent to man
Introspection – examining/ observation of
one’s own mental and emotional
processes.
 Classical Antiquity
• Plato
- Self is the soul and that
man is a soul who uses a body
Two World Theory
1. Ideal World – Intelligible world
2. Sensible World – World of
Matter
 Classical Antiquity
• Plato
3 Parts of the Soul
1. Appetitive Part – Drives man to
experience
2. Spiritual Part – Seat of emotions
3. Rational Part – Seat of reasoning
 Classical Antiquity
• Aristotle
- Man is a Rational Animal
- Body and soul are in a State of Unity
- Body is matter to the soul and the
soul is a form to the body
- Rational Soul exists only in man
 Medieval Ages
• Augustine of Hippo
- Man is a creation of
God
- Man is capable of
reaching perfection only if
man keep himself good
 Renaissance
• Rene Descartes
- “Cogito ergo sum” – I
think before I am
- self is a thinking thing
- Father of Modern
Philosophy
 Renaissance
• John Locke
- “Tabula rasa” – man is
born with a blank slate
- The Memory Theory of
the Self
- Consciousness is what
defines one’s self
 Renaissance
• David Hume
- self is a bundle of
perception
- self simply combination
of all experiences with a
particular person
 Renaissance
• Immanuel Kant
- humans have inner and
outer self
- METAPHYSICAL SELF
explores the nature of being
existence with no basis in reality
- self seat of knowledge
acquisitions for all human
persons.
 Modern Times
• Gilbert Ryle
- Mind and the body are
ordinarily harnessed together, but
after the death of the body the
mind may continue to exist and
function
-Self is known through the
actions revealed by MODES OF
BEHAVIOR
-“I act therefore I am”
 Modern Times
• Patricia and Paul Churchland
-self is the BRAIN
-Neurophilosophy-Concerned
with association of the brain and
the mind
-In order to understand the
workings of the human mind,
people must first understand the
brain, its functions and wave
activity.
 Modern Times
• Merleau-Ponty
-Self is EMBODIED
SUBJECTIVITY and is based on
experience
- Physical body is important in
subjective being
-Self is a product of both
idealist and realist standpoints.
 Lesson 2
Sociological PERSPECTIVE
• Self is socially constructed in the sense
that it is shaped through interaction with
other people
• Socialization - human infants begin to
acquire the skills necessary to perform as
a functioning member of their society and
is the most influential in learning process
one can experience
 Looking Glass Self
by Charles Cooley

“I am not what I think I am and I am not what

you think I am; I am what I think that you think
I am.”
 Looking-Glass Self
• A person’s self grows
out of society’s
interpersonal
interactions and the
perceptions of others
• People shaping their
identity based on the
perception of others
• Cooley adheres to the INTERACTIONIST
PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIOLOGY which aims
to understand the meanings attached to
the certain situations and the behavior
attach to it
Theory Of Social Self
By George Herbert Mead
• Based on the perspective that the self
emerges from social interactions
• The self is not there from birth, but it is
developed over time from social experiences
and activities
 Development of Self
• Preparatory Stage
(imitation Stage)
Language
• Play Stage
• Game Stage
Parts Of The Self
• Me
• I
• Social Acts
 Lesson 3

ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
 Anthropology
• Study of human societies and cultures
and their development
• Culture is the set of unwritten norms
of conduct that guide the behavior of a
group
• Culture is the acquired pair of glasses
through which we see life
 Archaeology
• Examines the remains of ancient and
historical human populations to
promote an understanding of how
humans adapted to their
environment and developed
• Linguistic Anthropology
- Examines the language of a group of people
and its relation to their culture.

• Cultural Anthropology
- Promote to study of a society’s culture through
their belief systems, practices, and possessions.

• Physical Anthropology
- Looks into the Biological Development of
Humans and their contemporary variation.
• Culture Filters “On Automatic”
– We see and interpret behavior through our
own cultural filter (cultural programming)
– Parents, friends, and relatives were simply
passing on the message
– Forming stereotypes about people who
were different from us (politician, Igorot,
homeless)
 Dilemmas of a Society
• Hierarchy vs. Equality
• Individualism vs. Collectivism
• Performance vs. Caring
• Uncertainty vs. Let it be
• Flexibility vs. Discipline
 Three Ways we can Relate to Culture

• Confront – believing you have right

behaviors
• Conform - fits in with standards set by
social norms
• Complain – isolating yourself on social
bubbles
 The Challenge Of Becoming Culturally
Competent
• Diversity is an inside job
• Diversity goes beyond race and gender
• No one is the target of blame for current to past
inequities
• Human beings are ethnocentric
• The human species resists changes, continuing
to seek homeostasis
• Human beings find comfort and trust in likeness
• It is difficult for people to share power
Name/Course/Year/Section: ______________________________________________
List down your salient characteristics that you remember during the
following stages:

MY ELEMENTARY SELF MY HIGH SCHOOL SELF MY COLLEGE SELF

After having examined your “self” in its different stages, answer the following:

1. Similarities in all stages of my “self”.

2. Differences in my “self” across the three stages of my life.

3. Possible reasons for the differences in me.